Stylistic semasiology
An Outline
1. Tropes and figures of speech.
a) The metaphorical group;
b) The metonymical group;
c) Irony.
2. Expressive means (EM) and stylistic devices (SD), their different classifications.
a) Lexical Stylistic Devices (LSD).
b) Syntactical Stylistic Devices (SSD).
c) Lexico - syntactical Stylistic Devices (LSSD).
Stylistic semasiology studies the expressive resources of the language, which are represented by the oldest categories of rhetoric, i.e. tropes and figures of speech (I.V.Arnold, U.Screbnev), expressive means and stylistic devices (I.R.Galperin, V.A.Kucharenko). Tropes and figures of speech are based on imagery which is realized through the interrelation of different components of denotational and connotational meaning of words and word combinations.
In philosophy "image" denotes the result of reflection of the object of reality in man's consciousness. On the sensible level our senses, ideas might be regarded as images. On a higher level of thinking images take the form of concepts, judgments, and conclusions. Depending on the level of reflecting the objective reality (sensual and conceptual) there are 2 types of images:
1. Art images – reflect the objective reality inhuman life. While informing us of a phenomenon of life they simultaneously express our attitude towards it.
2. Literature images - deal with a specific type of artistic images, verbal images are pen - pictures of a thing, person or idea expressed in a figurative way in their contextual meaning and in music by sounds. The overwhelming majority of linguists agree that a word is the smallest unit being able to create images because it conveys the artistic reality and image. On this level the creation of images is the result of the interaction of two meanings: direct (denotation) and indirect (figurative ). Lexical expressive meanings in which a word or word combination is used figuratively are called tropes. Their verbal meaning has the following structure:
1. Tenor (direct thought) objective; (T)
2. Vehicle (figurative thought) subjective; (V)
3. Ground of comparison is the common feature of T and V; (G)
4. The relation between T and V;
5. The technique of identification (The type of trope);
Prof. Screbnev’s classification of TROPES:
Figures of QUANTITY:
Hyperbole; Meiosis: Understatement and Litotes.
Figures of QUALITY:
METAPHOR: Periphrasis, Allusion, Personification, Allegory.
METONYMY: Synecdoche.
Antonomasia. Irony. Epithet.
|
|
|
Table 8
Prof. Arnold’s classification of TROPES:
 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
| |||
Tropes are EM based on the transfer of meaning or figurative use of the words and expressions within one and the same paradigm. (I.V.A.) e.g. She is the heart of society (trope).
Tropes:
a) deal with concrete thing or idea e.g. Thirsty wind.
b) embrace the whole book e.g. War and Peace.
c) create visual images: e.g. the cloudy life age of the sky
d) create aural images by sound imitations: “ The moan of doves in immemorial elms, and murmuring of innumerable bees” (Tennyson).
Figures of speech refer to specific combinations of words and specific syntactical structures imaginatively used. They are correlated in time (syntagmatically). Ex.: She is as beautiful as a rose (figure of speech).
Дата добавления: 2016-01-04; просмотров: 57; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!