USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR MAKING A SUMMARY
The headline of the article is…
The author… is…
| text | is about | |
| passage | discusses | |
| The | problem | deals with |
| article | is devoted to | |
| covers |
| shows | a diagram | |
| The figure to the text | gives | a device |
| illustrates | a model | |
| represents | a scheme |
In the beginning
In the first place
It is known that
It should be mentioned
Besides
In conclusion
Finally
On the whole
VOCABULARY
Степень – degree
Исследовательская (ученая) степень – research degree
Степень бакалавра – bachelor’s degree, also first degree, e.g. I got my first degree in chemistry and then I switched over to the field of biology.
Естественные науки – Bachelor of Science (B. Sc. / B. S.)
Гуманитарные науки – Bachelor of Arts (A. B. / B. A.)
Искусство – Bachelor of Fine Arts (B. F. A.)
Управление – Bachelor of Business Administration (B. B. A.)
Степень магистра – master’s degree
Master of Science (M. Sc. / M. S.)
Master of Arts (M. A.)
Master of Fine Arts (M. F. A.)
E.g. I have a master’s degree in chemical engineering.
Advanced / graduate / higher degree
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.), doctoral degree / doctor’s degree / doctorate
E.g. I got my doctorate in biology two years ago.
Диссертация – (doctoral) thesis / dissertation.
Соискатель – doctoral candidate
E.g. Now I am a doctoral candidate in chemistry.
Аспирант – graduate / postgraduate, doctoral student
Почетные докторские степени – honorary / higher / senior doctorate
Doctor of Science(D. Sc.) – естественные науки
Doctor of Letters (Litt. D.) - гуманитарные науки
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Doctor of Laws (L. L. D.) – юриспруденция
E.g. Dr. Green received an honorary D. Sc. in engineering from the University of Pennsylvania for his contribution in electromechanical science.
Русс. степень доктора наук - senior doctorate
E.g. I hope to get my senior doctorate within the next three years.
Our senior doctorate is not an honorary degree. It requires the writing of a dissertation and the publication of a monograph.
The Russian Doctor of Science degree is the highest research degree in this country. Many scientists having that degree are professors.
Профессиональные докторские степени – professional degrees
Doctor of Medicine (M. D.)
Juris Doctor (J. D.)
Должности
Исследователи, претендующие на получение докторской степени или обладающие ею, работают в высших учебных заведениях и относящихся к ним научных организациях – research assistant, senior research assistant, research associate, senior research associate, research fellow, senior research fellow
E.g. Research associate: Applicants should have submitted their Ph. D. thesis or have a recent Ph. D. degree in biochemistry or chemistry.
Исследователи с докторской степенью – postdoctoral research fellow, postdoctoral research associate, postdoctoral fellow
Действительный член научного общества – fellow (e.g. Brown B.B., Fellow of the Royal Society). Также для обозначения членов совета преподавателей колледжа или университета (e.g. Grey G.G., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford).
Профессор (должность) - professor
Доцент - reader (Brown B.B., Reader in Physical Chemistry, University of Strathclyde), principal lecturer (Johnson J.J., Principle Lecturer in Zoology, Liverpool Polytechnic), senior lecturer (Smith S.S., Senor Lecturer , University of Birmingham); associate professor (Am. E. – White W.W. Associate Professor of Botany, University of Alaska).
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Старший преподаватель – lecturer (Jones J.J., Lecturer of Chemistry, University of East Anglia), senior instructor. Am. E. – assistant professor (Brown B.B., Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Texas).
(Младший) преподаватель, ассистент – assistant lecturer (Br.E.), instructor (Am.E.).
Заведующий кафедрой – head of department, chair (S.S. Smith, D. Sc., Professor and Head Department, Department of Physics. E.g. The main part of my responsibilities is administrative, because I have been running the Department of Marine Science. So it takes most of my time. But in addition to that I teach courses. I also supervise the work of graduate students and I try to find some time for my own research.
Кафедра – department (department of physics, department of modern languages).
Факультет – Br. E. faculty (faculty of arts, faculty of science, faculty of law, faculty of economics); Am. E. – college, school (college of fine arts, college of arts and sciences, college of business administration, school of law, school pf pharmacy).
Декан – dean
Заместитель декана – sub-dean / associate dean / assistant dean
Ректор – vice-chancellor, president, rector
Проректор – vice-rector, deputy vice-chancellor, prorector
Проректор по учебной работе – prorector (vice-president, pro-vice-president) for academic affairs
Проректор по научной работе – prorector (vice-president, pro-vice-president) for research
Сотрудники научно-исследовательских институтов – assistant scientist, research scientist, senior research scientist, principle scientist, senior scientist (I am a research scientist and my speciality is hydrology, behaviour of rivers particularly).
Научные должности в государственных учреждениях – scientific officer, senior scientific officer, principle scientific officer, research officer, senior research officer, experimental officer, senior experimental officer.
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Младший научный сотрудник – старший научный сотрудник: scientific associate – senior scientific associate (better for humanities), research associate – senior research associate, research scientist – senior research scientist; research physicist – senior research physicist, research chemist –senior research chemist.
Административные должности – director of institute; deputy/associate/assistant director; head of department/division; head/chief of laboratory; head of group; project director/leader; head of section
Визитные карточки ученых
Иванов Иван Иванович
Доктор химически наук, профессор
Директор института химии
Академии наук СССР
Dr. Ivan I. Ivanov
Director of the Institute
Institute of Chemistry
USSR Academy of Science
Professor Ivan I. Ivanov
Director of the Institute
Institute of Chemistry
USSR Academy of Science
Викторов Виктор Викторович
Доктор химических наук
Заведующий отделом органической химии
Dr. Victor. V. Victorov
Head of the Department
Department of Organic Chemistry
Борисов Борис Борисович
Кандидат химических наук
Старший научный сотрудник
Отдела органической химии
Dr. Boris B. Borisov
Department of Organic Chemistry
Петров
Петр Петрович
Доктор филологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой английского языка
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Ленинградского государственного университета
199164, Ленинград
Университетская наб., 11 тел 333-33-33
Professor Pyotr P. Petrov
Head of the Department of English
Leningrad University
11, Universitetskaya Emb.,
Leningrad, 199164 Phone: 333-33-33
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