Просмотрите текст 1 еще раз. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
Тест 1.
Elementary (базовый уровень).
Our programmists _________ to the office last Sunday.
A) didn’t went B) don’t go C) didn’t go
2. I had much work with the printer________ ago.
A) this morning B) three hours C) 7.30 a.m.
When _____ you last _______ scanner?
A) did/repair B) do/repair C) did/repaired
You like _______ info in the computer?
A) do/storing B) are/ storing C) would/ storing
There are ________ microprocessors monitors in the computer labs.
A) many B) much C) a little
Have you got _________new software in the lab?
A) some B) any C) the
Hand printers are __________ than laser printers.
A) older than B) more older than C) much old than
Central processing unit is __________component in the computer system.
A) the most important B) the important than C) more important than
This keyboard is very, very good. It's __________device composing a computer system.
A) the better B) the good C) the best
10. I ________deleted files now.
A)recover B) 's recovering C) 'm recovering
11. ________ Jim _____with a mouse?
A) Can / work B) Is / working C) Does / works
Look, it's a new hard disk. It __________to our system block.
A) 's going to install B) installing C) install
13.What speed _____ modem _____ provide?
A) does /provide B) — / is going to provide C) is / going to stay
I'm going to ___________ the test using Google.
A)translate B) to translate C) going to translate
15. _________ can you buy a CD-ROM? At a computer shop.
A) When B) Why C) Where
How much did you pay for your flash-card?' ________
A) £8.50 B) Hewitt's Bookshop C) To read some Shakespeare
17. ______ you ever _____ documents in Word programe?
A) Have / made up B) Have / make up C) Has / make up
Bill Gates__________ our office.
A) has never been B) has ever been C) hasn't never been
19. I've interpreted instructions to Mac book . 'When _____ ?
A) have you interpret them B) did you interpret them C) did you interpreted them
Our manages have ______signed the.
A) yet B) just C) ever
Has Samsung company _____ informed all data?
A) yet B) ever C) just
S the difference between the hardware and software?
A) how B) What C) Which
Programs usually fall _____ one of two categories: systems software and applications software.
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A) in B) by C) on
It's very expensive equipment. Please operate it _____ .
A) carefully B) easily C) careful
Let's transfer info from the new site. It's _____ done.
A) quickly B) badly C) well
INFORMATION-DEPENDENT СOMMUNITY
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.
computer literacy [kəm'pjuːtə 'lɪt(ə)rəsɪ] — компьютерная грамотность
problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее решение задачи
be aware of [bi ə'weə ov] — понимать, сознавать
opportunity [ˌɔpə'tjuːnətɪ] — возможность
basics ['beɪsɪks] — основы
application [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] — применение; использование
to restate [ˌriː'steɪt] — пересмотреть, переосмыслить
significant [sɪg'nɪfɪkənt] — значительный
achievement [ə'ʧiːvmənt] — достижение
computing [kəm'pjuːtɪŋ] — вычисление; счет; работа на компьютере
to embrace [ɪm'breɪs] — охватывать
dimension [daɪ'men(t)ʃ(ə)n] — измерение
instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃ(ə)n] — команда, инструкция, указание
to direct the operation — направлять работу
to process ['prəuses] — обрабатывать
subscription magazine [səb'skrɪpʃ(ə)n ˌmægə'ziːn ]— журнал по подgиске
data processing system ['deit prs'sesin 'sistsm] — система обработки данных
store manager ['sta 'mænɪʤə] — директор магазина
to have much in common — иметь много общего
2. Прочтите текст и скажите, как вы понимаете термины «информационное общество» и «компьютерная грамотность».
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Text 1. COMPUTER LITERACY
Informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer-literate, which means that they should be able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices. They should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life.
There was a time when only privileged people had an opportunity to learn the basics, called the three R's: reading, writing, and arithmetic. Now, as we are quickly becoming an information-becoming society, it is time to restate this right as the right to learn reading, writing and computing. There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century. They bring with them both economic and social changes. "Computing" is a concept that embraces not only the old third R, arithmetic, but also a new idea — computer literacy.
In an information society a person who is computer-literate need not be an expert on the design of computers. He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers. All of us are already on the way to becoming computer-literate. Just think of your everyday life. If you receive a subscription magazine in the post-office, it is probably addressed to you by a computer. If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information. When you check out at the counter of your store, a computer assists the checkout clerk and the store manager. When you visit your doctor, your schedules and bills and special services, such as laboratory tests, are prepared by computer. Many actions that you have taken or observed have much in common. Each relates to some aspect of a data processing system.
Просмотрите текст 1 еще раз. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What does "a computer-literate person" mean? 2. Are you aware of the potential of computers to influence your life? 3. What do the people mean by "the basics"? 4. What is the role of computers in our society? 5. What is "computing'? 6. What is a program? 7. Prove that we all are on the way to becoming computer-literate. 8. Give examples of using computers in everyday life.
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4. Прочтите, переведите и запомните следующие выражения:
An information-dependent society; a computer-literate citizen; an everyday problem-solving device; to be aware; to influence the quality of life; to have an opportunity; to learn the basics; to learn computing; the most significant technical achievements; to embrace computer literacy; to prepare programs; to direct the operations of a computer; to be on the way of becoming computer-literate; to process information; to have much in common; a data processing system.
5. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2
intricate ['ɪntrɪkət] — сложный, запутанный,
electronic circuit [ˌelek'trɔnɪk 'sɜːkɪt] — электронная цепь, схема
to operate switch [tu 'ɔp(ə)reɪt swɪʧ] —приводить в действие переключатель
to store numbers [tu stɔː 'nʌmbəs] — запоминать числа
to manipulate [tu mə'nɪpjəleɪt] — управлять; обращаться; преобразовывать
to input / to feed in — вводить (информацию)
to turn on = to switch on — включать
to turn off = to switch off— выключать
to process data ['prəuses 'deit] — обрабатывать данные
to supply [tu sə'plaɪ] — подавать, вводить, снабжать, обеспечивать
addition [ə'dɪʃ(ə)n] — сложение
subtraction [səb'trækʃ(ə)n] — вычитание
division [dɪ'vɪʒ(ə)n] —деление
multiplication [ˌmʌltɪplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] — умножение
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exponentiation [eksponenti'eijn] — возведение в степень
user ['juːzə] — пользователь
input device ['input dɪ'vaɪs] — устройство ввода
disk drive ['disk 'draiv] — дисковое запоминающее устройство, дисковод
tape drive ['teip 'draiv] — запоминающее устройство на магнитной ленте
cathode-ray tube ['kæθəud rei tju:b] — электроннолучевая трубка
to make decisions — принимать решения
instantaneously [ˌɪn(t)stən'teɪnɪəs] — мгновенно, немедленно
6. Прочтите текст 2 и скажите, что такое компьютер и каковы его основные функции.
Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn't feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn't be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win the war between two countries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
7. Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting information into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer's achievements limited by?
8. Найдите в тексте 2 английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
Сложная сеть электронных цепей; управлять (приводить в действие) переключателями; возможные состояния; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; посредством ввода сигналов; включать; выключать; размагничивать сердечники; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; символы, называемые данными; выполнять математические операции; выдавать результаты; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; иметь замечательные возможности; основные свойства; сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение; возведение в степень; средства для общения с пользователем; устройство ввода; дисковод; считывать информацию; вывод информации; катоднолучевая трубка; принимать решения; выполнять тысячи логических операций; без устали; находить решение задачи; значительно меньший промежуток времени; человек; нудная рутинная работа; в соответствии с введенной программой; вырабатывать свои суждения; возможности ограничены программой, заложенной в него человеком; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; со скоростью света; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций; человеку может не хватить всей жизни, чтобы закончить работу.
9. Составьте пары или группы близких по значению слов
из перечня, приведенного ниже.
Например: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out; B. a man, a person, a human being;
Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, to study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch.
Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, use, concept, specialist, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision.
Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, little.
Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps.
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