Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
Контрольная работа №3
Вариант 1
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
What was the boy interested in?
Which of Faraday’s discoveries do you know?
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday, English experimental physics, was born in 1791 in a poor family. The boy began to work as an apprentice at a bookbinder’s shop at an early age. One day a man entered the shop and found the boy studying an article on electricity. The man was surprised to see a boy so interested in such a difficult subject and gave him four tickets for the lectures at the Royal Institutions. The boy went to the lectures and made notes of what he heard. At the end of the lecture he came to Sir Humphy Davy, the great English scientist, and showed him his notes. Davy was surprised. Later he made Faraday his assistant and helped him in his education.
Faraday had many important discoveries. Among his works are the concept of the magnetic field and the magnetic “lines of force”, production of new kinds of optical glass, and research on electrolysis.Faraday produced the first mechanical motion by means of a permanent magnet and an electric current. This is the principle upon which the modern electric motor is based. Faraday was very modest and he loved his work more than honours. He refused to become President of the Royal Society and also refused to be knighted.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The unit of electricity “farad”_______(was named, named) after M.Faraday.
2. The first lightning rod ________(was invented, invented) by B.Franklin, the outstanding American scientist.
3. At Cambridge, Newton ________(was read, read) with great interest the writings of Galileo.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. Faraday is believed to be a great English physicist.
2. We сonsider Tsiolkovsky to be the father of astronautics.
3. Popov is known to be the inventor of radio in Russia.
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5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. He (can, may, must) check the temperature three times a day.
2. In this figure you (can, may, must) see a diagram of temperature changes.
3. He (can, may, must) use a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure.
6. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The book contained ______ diagrams.
2. Are there _____ pictures on the walls in your living room?
3. We have _____ information on this problem.
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1 .Свойства магнитного поля изучены М.Фарадеем.
2. Он смог стать Президентом Королевского Научного общества и ему был присвоен герцогский титул.
3. Мальчик посетил несколько научных лекций в институте.
Вариант 2
Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы
1.What laws did Newton discover?
2. Саn you formulate the Law of Universal Gravitation?
Isaak Newton
Isaak Newton was born in 1642 in the family of a a poor farmer. The boy began his first scientific experiments at school. While studying at Cambridge University, Newton formulated the binomial theorem. In 1662 Cambridge was closed because of the plague and Newton returned to his native village. For the next two years he devoted himself to scientific experimentation. Newton’s great discovery was the law of decomposition of light. The scientist proved that the white light of the sun is composed of rays of light of all colours of the rainbow. He also discovered the law of universal gravitation which states that “every particle of matter is attracted by every other particle of matter with a force inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart”. Newton applied the principle of gravitation to prove that the power which guides the moon around the earth and the earth and the planets around the sun is the force of gravity. Another application of the law of universal gravitation was Newton’s exploration of the tides.
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Newton was highly honoured by his countrymen and in 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society. Sir Isaak Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Newton ______ (was performed, performed) many experiments with light.
2. When Cambridge ________(was closed, closed) in 1662, Newton returned to his native village.
3. Mass ______ (is measured, measured) in grams or kilograms.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. My parents want me to become a chemist.
2. He is believed to be a very talented person.
3. Newton is considered to be one of the greatest English scientists.
5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. He (can, may, must) work hard to finish his experiment.
2. I (can, may, must) devote myself to scientific work.
3. You (can, may, must) repeat your experiment.
6. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
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1. The Metric System has _____ advantages over the English System.
2. Do you remember ____ facts from Newton’s biography?
3. The young engineer had ____ experience in such work.
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1. Закон всемирного тяготения широко используется в космонавтике.
2. Полеты на самолетах должны быть безопасны.
3. В проекте было допущено несколько ошибок.
Ba риант 3.
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. How old was Lomonosov when he left his native village?
2. When was the first Russian University founded?
M.V.Lomonosov
M.V.Lomonosov was born in 1711 in he village of Denisovka near Arkhangelsk in the family of a fisherman.At the age of17 he left his native village and made his way to Moscow. In Moscow he entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. Lomonosov didn’t finish his last grade, as he was sent with 11 other pupils to St.Peterburg to study at the Academy of Sciences. Less than a year after he came to Peterburg Lomonosov was sent abroad to study metallurgy and mining. In 1741 Lomonosov returned to Russia and began to teach chemistry and physics at the Academy. Lomonosov established the fundamental law of chemical change of substance which is called the Law of Conservation of Mass. Lomonosov founded a new science that we call today physical chemistry. He also studied electrical phenomena in atmosphere of the Earth, the nature of light, and designed an improved telescope. Lomonosov considered nature to be in a state of constant change and development. Coil, oil, etc. were all formed as a result of evolution. Lomonosov was a great scientist. His works in poetry had a great influence on Russian literature. Owing to his efforts, the first Russian University was founded in Moscow in 1755. This university bearing his name became the centre of knowledge and science in Russia.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. At first, the Period Law _____ (was received, received) very coldly by other scientists.
2. In 1893 Mendeleev _____(was appointed, appointed) Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
3. B.Franklin _____(was founded, founded) the first public library and the University of Pennsylvania.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. Lomonosov considered chemistry to be his “main profession”.
2. The air is known to be a mixture of gases.
3. Lomonosov is considered to be a great Russian scientist.
5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. They (can, may, must) solve a number of scientific problems.
2. She (can, may, must) do this 3work in time.
3. You (can, may, must) use this method in your research.
6 . Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.There were _____ other higher schools at that time in Russia.
2.Can you give me ______magazines?
3.They carried out______ experiments yesterday.
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1. Ломоносов был избран профессором Российской Академии Наук.
2. Он мог разговаривать на нескольких иностранных языках.
3. У кого-нибудь есть несколько чистых листов бумаги?
Вариант 4
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1.What did Mendeleev discover?
2. What fields of science do his works embrace?
Dmitry Mendeleev
D.I.Mendeleev was born in 1834 at Tobolsk in the family of the director of the town gymnasium. He received his secondary education at Tobolsk and then entered the Peterburg Pedagogical Institute. After graduation he worked as a teacher for two years. In 1859 he presented his thesis, received his master’s degree and went abroad on a two-year scientific commission. Upon his return to Russia he was elected professor of the Peterburg University where he carried on his scientific and pedagogical activity for 23 years. In 1906 he issued a book under the title “Contribution to the knowledge of Russia” which contained thoughts of the further development of Russia industry and economy. The greatest result of Mendeleev’s creative effort was the discovery of the Periodic Table of Elements. One of Mendeleev’s prominent works is his book “Principles of Chemistry” in which inorganic chemistry was for the first time explained from the standpoint of the Periodic Law. A great scientist, Mendeleev devoted his life and energies to the progress of his country. His works embrace various fields of science – chemistry, physics, physical chemistry, geophysics.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. At first, the Period Law _____ (was received, received) very coldly by other scientists.
2. In 1893 Mendeleev _____(was appointed, appointed) Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
3. B.Franklin _____(was founded, founded) the first public library and the University of Pennsylvania.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. The year 1895 is considered to be the date of the invention of the radio.
2. We consider Mendeleev to be a great Russian scientist.
3. Manchester is known to be the centre of cotton industry.
5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. He (can, may, must) illustrate this law by several experiments.
2. They (can, may, must) carry out these experiments at the laboratory.
3. She (can, may, must) study chemistry at the university.
6 . Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.You must dissolve _____ salt in water.
2.Tsiolkovsky had ______ money to finance his experiments.
3.Did Tsiolkovsky make _____ experiments with the centrifuge?
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1. Периодическая таблица элементов была не принята многими учеными того времени.
2. Для подтверждения своей теории ученый должен был провести много опытов.
3. Несколько работ этого ученого были переведены на иностранные языки.
Вариант 5.
Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1. When and where was I.I.Sikorsky born?
2. Where were Sikorsky’s helicopters used?
Sikorsky
Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich was a well-known aircraft engineer and manufacturer. He was born in 1889 in Kiev, in the Ukraine,and got his education at the naval college in St.Petersburg, and later in Kiev and Paris. He was the first to make experiments in helicopter design. In 1913 he designed, built, and flew the first successful aeroplane. Later he built military aircrafts for Russia and France. In 1919 Sikorsky moved to the United States and later helped to organize an aircraft company that produced a series of multiengine flying boats for commercial service. Sikorsky became an American citizen in 1928. In the late 1930s he returned to developing helicopters and produced the first successful helicopter in the west. Helicopters designed by Sikorsky were used mostly by the US Army Air Forces during the Second World War. He died in 1972 t the age of 83.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. At first, the Period Law _____ (was received, received) very coldly by other scientists.
2. In 1893 Mendeleev _____(was appointed, appointed) Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
3. B.Franklin _____(was founded, founded) the first public library and the University of Pennsylvania.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. At that time Newton began to think about construction of an astronomical telescope.
2. They made some experiments to prove their theory.
3. The procedure to be followed is described below.
5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Your son (can, may, must) do this work himself.
2. He (can, may, must) leave for Moscow earlier.
3. (Can, may, must) drive a car?
6 . Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. If the petrol tank is empty, pour _____ petrol into it.
2. There was _____ water in the radiator, so we had to refill it.
3. This mechanic can repair _____ type of engine.
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1. Макет нового самолета был продемонстрирован членам комиссии.
2. Мы обязательно должны сделать это задание к среде?
3. На поверхности стола осталось несколько капель воды.
Вариант 6
1. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы:
1. Where did Alfred Nobel receive his education?
2. Whom were the Nobel prizes given to?
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a famous Swedish chemist and inventor. He was born in Stockholm in 1833. After receiving an education in St.Petersburg, Russia, and then in the United States, where he studied mechanical engineering, he returned to St.Petersburg to work with his father in Russia. They were developing mines, torpedoes, and other explosives. In a family-owned factory in Heleneborg, Sweden, he developed a safe way to handle nitroglycerine, after a factory explosion in 1864 killed his younger brother and four other people. In 1867 Nobel achieved his goal: he produced what he called dynamite. He later produced one of the first smokeless powders. At the time of his death he controlled factories for the manufacture of explosives in many parts of the world. In his will he wanted that the major portion of his money left became a fund for yearly prizes in his name. The prizes were to be given for merits in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, and world peace. A prize in economics has been awarded since 1969.
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3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. At first, the Period Law _____ (was received, received) very coldly by other scientists.
2. In 1893 Mendeleev _____(was appointed, appointed) Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
3. B.Franklin _____(was founded, founded) the first public library and the University of Pennsylvania.
4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:
1. In 1810Faraday began to attend lectures on natural philosophy.
2. To study the nature of light and color Newton carried out many experiments with a prism.
3. The lecture to be delivered by a well-known scientist is devoted to the problems of ecology.
5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. He (can, may, must) check a fuel level in his car.
2. You (can, may, must) easily do this work.
3. You (can, may, must) find all the necessary material in the library.
6 . Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. There are ____ secondary schools in our village.
2. Can you give us ____ sweets to eat.
3. This man can drive ____kind of car.
7. Переведите предложения с русского на английский, применяя темы данной контрольной работы:
1. Электричество добывается разными способами.
2. На этой недели у них было несколько экзаменов.
3. Ты можешь пользоваться моей машиной.
Вариант 7
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Who was James Joule?
2. Why was the unit of energy named after Joule?
James Joule
James Prescott Joule, famous British physicist, was born in 1818 in Salford, England. Joule was one of the most outstanding physicists of his time. He is best known for his research in electricity and thermodynamics. In the course of his investigations of the heat emitted in an electrical circuit, he formulated the law, now known as Joule’s law of electric heating. This law states that the amount of heat produced each second in a conductor by electric current is proportional to the resistance of the conductor and to the square of the current. Joule experimentally verified the law of conservation of energy in his study of the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy. Joule determined the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy, or the mechanical equivalent of heat, using many independent methods. The unit of energy, called the joule, is named after him. It is equal to 1 watt-second. Together with the physicist William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), Joule found that the temperature of a gas falls when it expands without doing any work. This phenomenon, which became known as the Joule-Thomson effect, lies in the operation of modern refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
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