The Hardy Boys Mystery Stories 2 страница

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1.	Extreme tourism
2.	A way to get to know the world
3.	Different types of tourism
4.	For all ages and interests

5.	The negative impact of tourism
6.	The most popular destinations
7.	Travelling tips
8.	Nature-friendly tourism

A.	Tourism has become a popular activity. Indeed, nowadays people travel more, and further, than they used to. The main reasons for tourism are: recreation, leisure and business. When travelling for recreation, people want to escape their stressful daily routine and to relax. Beach holidays are an example of leisure tourism. Business trips involve going to some distant place in order to settle business issues.
B.	When people travel, they broaden their horizons. Whether on a business trip or on a honeymoon, people want to explore the place they are in. They go on excursions, try new activities like diving or mountain climbing, learn about the historical background of the place, and buy souvenirs to remind them of the local cultural peculiarities. Sometimes they find out amazing facts about people and places, and about themselves, too!
C.	Trips can be spontaneous or well-planned, but before any planning is done, you need to decide where you want to go. Lots of people prefer places where they can enjoy the sea and the sun, that’s why tourism in countries like Turkey, Thailand, Bali, Cyprus is quite a profitable industry. People who like winter leisure activities go to ski resorts in France, Austria, Iceland, Serbia and so on.
D.	A new branch of tourism is ecotourism. It involves visiting relatively untouched places in remote areas. Ecotourism is often misinterpreted as any form of tourism involving wildlife - but it’s completely different from jungle tourism or safari. Eco-tourists are against disturbing the environment; even taking photos is not recommended. Take only memories and leave only footprints is a very popular slogan for them.
E.	By educational tourism, most people mean different versions of Learn and Travel Programmes for students. But it’s not only for the young and brave. Lots of training and educational programmes for adults are offered in different corners of the world. Retired people participate in these programmes too. They gladly enroll on overseas courses ranging from gardening and design to computer skills and programming.
F.	With all the benefits of travelling, it’s still a very expensive activity and may not fit every budget. To reduce the costs, avoid travelling in high season when flight tickets, hotels, food and excursions are overpriced. Remember that, as well as the well-known, popular, and therefore most expensive, destinations, there are less prestigious but even more interesting places. When planning a trip, find out about low-cost airlines, discounts and special offers.
G.	If possible, consider means of transport other than the plane. Rapidly increasing numbers of flights have put the environment in danger. Planes pollute the air, which results in global warming. In fact, tourism is not harmless fun as many may think: new airports and tourist infrastructure, pollution, and crowds of noisy tourists make wild animals migrate, which may decrease their population or even make them extinct.

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1.	Eco-friendly business
2.	A good place for holidays
3.	A silent hero of American literature
4.	In search of luck and happiness

5.	To those who went west
6.	An unexpected environmental problem
7.	Great sights and dangerous creatures
8.	Dangerous sport

A.	Geographically, the Wild West refers to the states west of the Mississippi River. The American West is both a place and an idea. In people’s minds, it was a place that promised excitement because it was new and unknown. From the middle of the 18^th century to the beginning of the 20^th century, lots of people pushed their way westward trying to find land, better lives, gold and silver, and, sometimes, to escape the law.
B.	Due to books and films, the first thing that comes to mind about the American West is cowboys, rodeos and riding broncos. Bronco is the nickname for a wild horse. When a bronco jumps, it kicks its back legs trying to throw the rider off. Nowadays, there are popular rodeo competitions where cowboys try to remain on aggressive broncos as long as possible. To entertain the public they also lasso cows and bulls.
C.	Yellowstone Park, the first American national park, is situated in the western states. The park has a great variety of natural features – waterfalls, plateaus, canyons, hot springs and geysers. It is also famous for its diverse wildlife and harsh beauty. Camping and backpacking are encouraged at Yellowstone, but visitors must be careful. A few careless or unlucky people have already been killed by angry bears.
D.	In the 1970s and 1980s, people from all over the United States moved to Colorado to work in the mining industry. New citizens of the state capital, Denver, were attracted to the city by its location in the Rocky Mountains and its clean air. However, due to the rapid development of Denver, they got into serious trouble –growing air pollution. Car engines did not burn fuel efficiently at a high altitude and thick smog hung over the city.
E.	In 1935, the federal government selected St. Louis, Missouri, as the site for a new national monument – The Gateway Arch. The memorial, also known as the Gateway to the West, was to honor the pioneers exploring the American West. Eero Saarinen, an architect, won the nationwide competition with his project for a giant steel arch. Since the Gateway Arch was opened in 1965, millions of people visit it every year.
F.	The Mississippi River is often mentioned in Mark Twain’s books. In his novel, Life on the Mississippi, the famous writer describes the history of the river and his own experiences related to it. There is also a collection of tales that either take place on the river or are associated with it. Another of Mark Twain’s famous works, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, tells us about a journey down the river.
G.	Hawaii is the USA's 50th state. It’s a popular holiday destination for the citizens, as well as for foreign tourists. Along with Florida, it's one of a few states where it's usually sunny and hot all the year round. Hawaii is made up of 132 tropical islands, though people live only on seven of them. Tourism is Hawaii’s biggest industry. People are attracted to the islands because of their beautiful scenery and beaches. Surfers come to experience the high waves.

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1.	The key element
2.	Ecologically friendly
3.	Play and learn
4.	A meaningful name

5.	A good offer
6.	Suitable even for small kids
7.	A reason for complaint
8.	Family business

A.	The company that makes the famous little plastic bricks known as LEGO started as a small shop in the town of Billund in Denmark. It made and sold wooden toys, stepladders, and ironing boards. Soon the business became known as LEGO. It came from the Danish words ‘LEg GOdt’, meaning ‘play well’. Later, it was realized that the original meaning in Latin was ‘I put together’.
B.	The LEGO Group was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Kristiansen. The company has come a long way from a small carpenter’s workshop to a modern, global corporation, the world’s third-largest producer of toys. Lego has passed from father to son and is now owned by a grandchild of the founder. As a child, he often came up with the ideas for new models and Lego sets.
C.	The company LEGO has been awarded ‘Toy of the Century’ twice. The company owes its success to the traditional Lego brick, which is their main product. The brick in its present form appeared in 1958 and since then has remained the main component of all Lego sets. This little piece of plastic offers unlimited building possibilities. It lets children experiment and try out their creative ideas.
D.	Windsor LEGOLAND theme park has a wide choice of rides, attractions, shows, shops and cafes. It is a perfect place for a family day out. Those who buy two-day tickets can stay overnight in the LEGO themed hotel in the centre of the park. The hotel is not cheap but you get your second day in LEGOLAND absolutely free. So you can double your fun for the same price.
E.	Last year Charlotte Benjamin wrote a letter to the Lego Company in which she complained that during a visit to the toy store she noticed that ‘there are lots of Lego boy people and barely any Lego girls.’ She felt sad that, in Lego, girl figures mostly sat at home, went shopping and had no job. At the same time boy figures went on adventures, worked, saved people, and ‘even swam with sharks’.
F.	Lego Games are a great way of having fun together with family and friends. These sets excite imagination and improve creativity because the child needs to put a game together before he or she can play it. They also develop hand and eye coordination, teach children to follow directions with logic, find scientific and technological solutions. In a fun way these games promote basic ideas of Maths, Geometry and Engineering.
G.	The LEGO Group releases thousands of sets with a variety of themes. In 1969 the company introduced Lego Duplo designed for children who are 1 to 5 years old. Duplo bricks are twice the length, height and width of traditional Lego bricks. It makes them easier to handle and less likely to be swallowed by younger children. Duplo sets now include farm, zoo, town, castle, and pirate sets.

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1.	Troll on the stage
2.	Computer-based versions
3.	Old stories in a new way
4.	Enjoyable parodies of Hollywood hits

5.	From screen to book
6.	A new type of a character
7.	An award-winning cartoon
8.	Similar to a real person

A.	Somewhere in a far-away magic kingdom there lived a beautiful princess and a prince and animals who could talk like humans. This is a typical plot for many fairy tales. In 1990, a short story for children about Shrek, a big green troll, appeared. Unlike previous heroes he looked ugly and scary but had a big, kind heart. In 2001, DreamWorks studio made the first animated Shrek cartoon that was followed by three full-length ones.
B.	The story of the troll called Shrek became very popular, especially with children. All the characters of the cartoons are easy to remember and have a good sense of humour. The cartoons are full of episodes about friendship, good and evil, love, and family values. The cartoons present an amusing mixture of traditional fairy tales and real-life events familiar to everyone.
C.	Few people know that Shrek’s appearance copies that of Maurice Tillet, called the ‘French Angel’. He was a famous professional French boxer and wrestler of the 20th century. Unfortunately, at the age of twenty he got a rare disease which changed his body and appearance. It made him look like a huge troll but, in contrast to the cartoon character, Maurice Tillet was highly intelligent – he spoke fourteen languages and was good at writing prose.
D.	Several scenes in cartoons about Shrek are based on scenes from famous films. For example, the ‘Welcome to Duloc’ song sounds like the popular Disney tune ‘It’s a Small World’. During the fight between Fiona and Robin Hood’s men, the camera moves as in ‘The Matrix’. There are hints of the ‘The Lord of the Rings’ and ‘Mission Impossible’.
E.	The famous story was also made into a Broadway show, ‘Shrek the Musical’. Technically, the musical is not the same as the movie but it has its advantages. Children and adults enjoy seeing celebrities in the roles of Shrek and Princess Fiona. The success of the musical was also based on a nice combination of new and old popular songs.
F.	The stories about the green troll and his friends are for all ages. Teenagers and grown-ups may enjoy modern computer games about Shrek. Computer stories have attractive design and dynamic plots, so gamers and fans will not be bored. Though the images of Shrek and Fiona are a bit different from the film, they are quickly recognizable.
G.	Reading is Shrek’s favourite hobby. He reads in nearly every film. In the final movie, he puts a volume on the shelf where the viewer may notice a cover with the name of the next DreamWorks film, ‘Puss in Boots’. In the end, Shrek himself has become a literary character. The first electronic novel based on the cartoons is available on the Internet.

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1.	Educational policy
2.	Disputed territory
3.	Getting acquainted with the islands’ history
4.	Living in harmony with nature

5.	Pirate's treasure
6.	The main city
7.	Islands’ profile
8.	Using environmentally friendly sources

A.	About 250 miles off the coast of South America lie the Falkland Islands, a British overseas territory. In terms of size, the Falkland Islands' land area measures up to be about the same as that of Northern Ireland. About 3,000 people live on the islands; they mostly make a living from sheep farming and fishing. Like most isolated communities around the world, the people of the Falkland Islands are always pleased to welcome tourists.
B.	Stanley is home to over three quarters of the population. Everything outside Stanley is known locally as ‘Camp’, and is home to numerous farms and settlements spread across the islands. Although one of the smallest capitals in the world, Stanley provides a variety of supermarkets, excellent restaurants and hotels, a swimming pool, gym and golf course.
C.	Open whenever tour ships are in port, the Falkland Islands Museum contains artifacts from everyday life, natural history samples and a fine collection relating to the islands’ shipwrecks. Outside displays include the Reclus Hut, originally made in Stanley, then shipped to Antarctica and set up there in 1956. Forty years later the famous house was brought back.
D.	The government provides equipment and supplies for learning throughout the Islands. There are only about 380 children of school age living there! For them, there is a primary and a secondary school in Stanley, and three small settlement schools on large farms. Other rural pupils are taught by ‘travelling’ teachers. Schooling is free and compulsory for children between five and sixteen years of age. The government pays for older students to attend colleges, usually in the UK.
E.	The deep waters of the South Atlantic are rich in marine life, key to the survival of a variety of species breeding on the archipelago. The Falkland Islands are home to five different species of penguin. People may notice whales or dolphins in the harbour, sea lions lying on the rocks, or some of the 227 bird species that fill the skies. It’s a rare place on earth where people and wildlife seem to co-exist happily.
F.	The Falkland Islands government is taking advantage of cheap, green energy – wind power. Since 1996, the government has been investing in the development of alternative sources of energy and can already enjoy the results. The Islands have experimented with other forms of energy, including hydro-electric and solar power. However, these forms cannot match the effectiveness of wind power yet.
G.	The Falklands War was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom. It started with the Argentine invasion and occupation of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. The war lasted 74 days and ended with an Argentine defeat. It resulted in the deaths of 257 British and 649 Argentine soldiers and sailors, and the deaths of three civilian Falkland Islanders. However, Argentina still has not fully given up its claim to the territory of the islands.

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