Maritime border – морская граница 7) approve - одобрять
To cover – охватывать 8) legislative bill - законопроект
To extend – простираться 9) capacious – просторный
Representative – представитель 10) vegetation – растительность
Coniferous forest– хвойный лес 11) mountain range– горная цепь
Bicameral – двухпалатный
Текст 4
Education in Astrakhan and Russia
4.1Education in Astrakhan (Astrakhan State Technical University)
Astrakhan Technical Institute of Fisheries was founded in 1930. The history of its growth, development and expansion of educational and scientific activity is marked by the Institute's transforming into Astrakhan State Technical University (ASTU) in 1994.
Astrakhan State Technical University is situated in one of the most picturesque places of our town, not far from the Great Russian River Volga.
A lovely academic town of the University is situated in, a beautiful parkland. It occupies 9 teaching buildings with up-to-date lecture halls, well equipped laboratories, a computing center and libraries rich in books. Various conferences and meetings are held in the Assembly Hall situated in the main building. Here you can also find Director's, Deans' and other offices.
The University possesses several halls for residence (dormitories), on the territory of it you can see cafes, shops, a medical aid center and a club-house.
Director (or Rector, as it is called in Russia) is at the head of the University while the work of the Institutes and the faculties is headed by Directors and Deans. The teaching staff of special and academic departments consists of very experienced lecturers and assistant, capable of giving their knowledge and experience to students.
Permanent aspiration of university's scientists to expand their research provides for the development of the University and increases its role that of an educational establishment and of a scientific center as well. This also results in the growth of teachers' professional skills and the quality of undergraduate training. The University constantly improves forms and methods of framing and offers its teaching staff new opportunities for innovation both in teaching and research. The success of the University's education policy is confirmed by the fact that among its graduates there are governors, managers of large businesses, world-famous scientists.
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At present, the structure of the University includes several Institutes: the Institute of Distance Learning, the Institute of Marine Technologies, Power Engineering and Transport, The Institute of Biology and Nature Management, the Institute of Information Technologies and Communication, The Institute of Economics, The Institute of Oil and Gas, Mechanical Engineering Institute. There are several Faculties at the University as well: the Faculty of Law;, the Faculty of Applicant Preliminary Training, the Faculty of Optional Vocational Training; the Faculty of International Student Preliminary Training, the Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education. Besides, there are several colleges that provide secondary engineering training under the auspices of the University.
The opportunity to host different sports events is provided by excellent sports facilities of the University. They include a sports center with two swimming pools; halls for basketball, volleyball, tennis, acrobatics; a stadium, a gym, a football ground.
4.2Education in Russia
Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers.
In all the industrial countries standards of living are steadily changing; this means that the kind of education, which was good enough thirty years ago, is not necessary for them today. The serious need to find ways and means of ensuring continuous and thorough adoption of the universities to contemporary needs in our rapidly changing world is widely recognized. And this means that styles of teaching, quality of learning materials and organization of the university itself have to be continuously brought up to date and improved.
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Besides, knowledge and information which comes through the mass media must also be taken into consideration. This information explosion has affected every field of study, especially, of course, in the natural and appliled sciences and in all other sciences a well. The increase of information requires new methods and new approaches to students training and instruction.
At present a new system of education is introduced in this country – a distance education system. This computer system of learning helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. This system enables people to get knowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through personal computers.
The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). The first - and second – year student obtain thorough instructions in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, chemistry and drawing as well computer engineering and a number of others. The curricula are enriched and broadened by instructions in such subjects as foreign languages, history and economics.
At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests, so to say, their "major" subject and take many courses in this subject. Specialized study and courses will help students to become specialists and prepare them for their future work.
After four years students will get a bachelor's degree. Then the student may go on with their studies and. in a year or two of further study and research get a master's degree. After graduating from the university they may go on with their study and research and may get a still higher degree.
About 75 percent of students receive state grants and 15 percent an sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own students' hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers.
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