Exercise 1. Read the following passage and complete the sentences that follow. Refer to the text to check your answers when appropriate.
The city that looks and smells like a landfill site
The rats are having a field day. The scavengers have been pigging out on the rich pickings of the refuse collectors' strike in the suburbs of Leeds. For two months the rodents have been fattening themselves up for the coming winter. They are the only ones who are anything like content.
With wheelie bins overflowing, particularly in student districts such as Headingley and Hyde Park, the rats have been helping themselves to a rich banquet of September's soggy pizza crusts, and mouldy lasagne thrown out weeks ago.
The fat rats have been the beneficiaries of a bitter industrial dispute and strike action by the city's refuse collectors. The unrelenting nature of the protest – the length of the stand-off has inevitably drawn parallels with militant walkouts in the 1980s – has left Headingley shrouded in the whiff of landfill.
The root cause of the dispute also seems to be a throwback to another generation: the Liberal Democrat and Conservative-run council is attempting to equalise pay between male and female workers. But instead of raising the pay of female staffers, it wants to cut the salaries of male workers. The first proposal was a £4,000 drop for some. What's more, the council thinks the workers need to increase their work rate.
The strike, which has gone some way to forcing the council to scale back demands for wage cuts in recent days, could soon be mirrored elsewhere in the country: bin collectors in Brighton are also due to walk out this week with similar grievances.
Other local authorities are still working out how to meet new regulations to balance inequality in pay between the sexes.
Postal workers are newly back on the streets after walking out in the national strike over pay and conditions. Firefighters across South Yorkshire are also locking horns with management. So far, everyone in Leeds is assiduously avoiding phrases that begin with the words "winter of". But walkouts last week in Doncaster and Sheffield are concentrating people's minds. More discontent and more strike action are expected.
Few of the students in Headingley were alive in 1979. The term "all-out strike" is just the stuff of political history textbooks. And so, unknowingly, they sit at the centre of what future books may call a new wave of industrial action. They're not enjoying it.
Jess Johnson, a 20-year-old music student, has "flipped", to use her own phrase. Looking out of her bedroom window on to the back alley of Headingley Mount, she is so angry at the sight of giants slabs of mouldy food that she is bagging it up herself. "If I don't do it, who is going to do it? It's gone on so long that if something isn't done right now, the problem will just get too big for anyone", she says. "It's disgusting".
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She knows her efforts may be for naught: bin bags that don't fit in the wheelie bins risk being ripped apart by foxes or, as the most recent street craze has it, blown up with fireworks. And so she struggles outside the redbrick terraces, where university students cram in six to a house, to hold back a waste tide of pizza.
"We've bagged our stuff up so it's not our rubbish", says Layla-Jane Gabriel who lives in the next street. "I know it might not be the right attitude but I don't want to be picking up other people's rubbish. Some people have just come along and dumped it, didn't even put it in a bag".
Other areas of the city have fared better, cleansed by small cadres of refuse workers who were finally talked back into work at the end of the week and a hastily arranged substitute team of new recruits hired by the council to break the strike.
Some areas are heading towards sanity but the patched-up patrol has clearly not reached all corners. It's not obvious why some areas have been left out. The students are muttering that the area they have colonised has been shifted to the bottom of the list because they don't pay council tax.
1. The council wants all of its workers to...
a) accept a more equitable pay scale between the sexes.
b) allow women to earn more than men.
c) work longer for less salary.
2. The term "all-out strike"...
a) belongs to a distant past.
b) is familiar to students in Headingley.
c) is a new way of social action against unpleasant political measures.
3. Jess Johnson...
a) admits that students are partially responsible for the situation.
b) is horrified by the state of the street around where she lives.
c) lives with five other students.
4. Students from Headingley...
a) are responsible for most of the rubbish left in the streets.
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b) have taken no action against the state of their neighbourhood.
c) moan about the behaviour of other people.
5. Some areas of Leeds...
a) are being discriminated against due to the type of resident.
b) have sorted the problem with private teams of refuse workers.
c) struggle to keep the streets clean because they have students living in the area.
PART 3. PRACTICE YOUR VOCABULARY
AND USE OF LANGUAGE SKILLS
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