Exercise 2. Read the text and complete the gaps with one suitable word.
Artificial breathing to give humans the freedom of the seas
In a major breakthrough in diving, scientists have developed an artificial gill capable of obtaining oxygen from sea water. The question of how fish breathe puzzled man …1… centuries. Now, …2…, a team of chemists, physicists and mathematicians at Tokyo University have built two forms of artificial gill, which imitate the breathing method used …3… fish. They are also developing a lightweight version …4… could be worn on the back. They expect that the first model …5… be available for human trials within three years and could be …6… sale in the shops within five to ten years. Fish transfer oxygen directly into …7… blood, and the artificial gill will be …8… to transfer oxygen through a mouthpiece into human lungs. This process of taking oxygen …9… of water occurs through the ultra-thin surface of hundreds of fine, hollow threads. As water streams over them, the dissolved oxygen in …10… passes through to become a breathable gas. At the moment, the human gill has a 10-litre volume; …11… has to be halved to produce a machine small …12… to be commercially successful. In …13… of this, the team is optimistic, believing it will have huge value both for commercial and leisure purposes …14… it will let people dive, in shallow water, for as …15… as they like.
Exercise 3. In the box below there are some more words associated with computers and the Internet, divide the words into those you think are specifically connected with the Internet and those simply connected with computers.
| memory an email address a chatroom spam click a CD DOM surf post drag a website scroll down crash search save |
Variant 2
Exercise 1. Read the text and choose the correct answer in the sentences below.
The Internet
Since the early times communication played a crucial role in human society. All the previous ways of communication set the stage for the present unprecedented integration of communication capabilities, which we call Internet. Internet revolutionized the communication world like nothing before. If you are a Netizen (Net citizen), you can consider any person on the Net your compatriot. It does not matter where this person lives. In the virtual reality of the Net you live next door to everyone. There are no borders for the Internet, you work in cyberspace. Every person on the Net can make an intellectual contribution to the global society. It means that access to the Net needs to be universal. It is a long way to go to achieve this goal, but a lot has been done in this direction already. In the United States, you can get unlimited number of hours on the Internet paying about $20.00 a month and this cost is definitely going down. The universities provide free access to the Net for their students, professors, staff, etc. Many businesses are also connected and allow their employees to use the Net for business purposes. Most public libraries now offer free on line service through their computers. There is another process going on with the Internet – its commercialization. Businesses advertise and market on the Internet. Online catalogs and advertising provide many opportunities, and online shopping is becoming more and more popular. There are lots of companies that are trying to make profit through the Internet. The Internet owes its design to the US Defense Department's project of 1969. The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. Then people in universities all over the world started to use the network to share ideas. They used it for work and for fun. In the 1980s, people started calling it the Internet.
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1. A lot of companies use the Internet…
a) to reserve cyberspace;
b) to download information;
c) to sell their products.
2. The Internet first started...
a) for military reasons;
b) for research purposes;
c) for business.
3. In the USA the cost of monthly connection to the Internet is…
a) growing fast;
b) twelve dollars;
c) decreasing.
4. The word Netizen is used to describe...
a) a person who has a computer;
b) a person who uses the Internet and its resources;
c) a computer programmer.
5. American libraries provide Internet service for...
a) a small charge;
b) a sizeable amount of money;
c) free.
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