Exercise 9. Decide which answer (а, в, с or d) best fits each space.
Do it yourself
What do you do when something …1… down? Are you the kind of person who knows how things …2…? Or do you prefer to have them …3… by an expert? Personally, when I use a …4… I always hit my finger, and I can never …5… anything with my screwdriver because I can never find it. Despite having all the wrong …6… and despite being a useless …7… I recently decided to take my bike to pieces and …8… it. I had …9… out of money as usual, and as I use my bike …10… getting to college, I had no choice. It was making a terrible noise, and the front tyre was …11… I had a few …12… but I didn't have any …13… parts. I managed to …14… the heel and take it off, but then I lost my …15…, and couldn't put the wheel back on properly. At least I am taking more exercise, as I now have to walk to college.
| a) | b) | c) | d) | |
| 1 | falls | repairs | breaks | runs |
| 2 | do | make | fix | work |
| 3 | repaired | out | sometimes | operated |
| 4 | drill | scissors | hammer | spade |
| 5 | drive | drive | cut | unwind |
| 6 | equipment | contents | instruments | gadgets |
| 7 | technician | engineer | machine | mechanic |
| 8 | make | fix | build | construct |
| 9 | spent | paid | run | fallen |
| 10 | and | because | by | for |
| 11 | flat | empty | over | bad |
| 12 | chances | tools | information | advice |
| 13 | spare | emergency | renew | repair |
| 14 | remove | smooth | fill | undo |
| 15 | saw | plug | spanner | file |
Exercise 10. Read the text.
Accidental inventions
1. A number of products that we commonly use today were developed quite by accident. Two of many possible examples of this concept are the leotard and the Popsicle, each of which came about when an insightful person recognized a potential benefit in a negative situation.
2. The first of these accidental inventions is the leotard, a close-fitting, one-piece garment worn today by dancers, gymnasts, and acrobats, among others. [1] in 1828, a circus performer named Nelson Hower was faced with the prospect of missing his performance because his costume was at the cleaners. [2] Instead of canceling his part of the show, he decided to perform in his long underwear. [3] Soon, other circus performers began performing the same way. [4] When popular acrobat Jules Leotard adopted the style, it became known as the leotard.
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3 . [5] Another product invented by chance was the Popsicle. [6] In 1905, eleven-year-old Frank Epperson stirred up a drink of fruit-flavored powder and soda water and then mistakenly left the drink, with the spoon in it, out on the back porch overnight. [7] As the temperature dropped that night, the soda water froze around the spoon, creating a tasty treat. [8] Years later, remembering how enjoyable the treat had been, Epperson went into business producing Popsicles.
a) Look at the four figures [1–4] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the second paragraph of the passage. Choose one mostly suitable place.
They enjoyed the comfort of performing in underwear rather than costumes.
b) Look at the four squares [5–8] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the third paragraph of the passage.
It was a taste sensation that stayed on his mind.
Exercise 11. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
Human or robot? Google's speech generator makes it hard to tell
| When machines speak, they sound stilted, …1… and mechanical – but they're getting …2… . Google's latest text-to-speech system, called Tacotron 2, generates sounds entirely from scratch, and the search giant claims the results are as good as those built using …3… voice artists. Previous systems normally produce speech by …4… human-recorded vocal sounds into words and sentences. In comparison, Tacotron 2 was trained on over 24 hours of human speech and corresponding transcripts, and could then generate …5… new audio of phrases from a given text even if it had never seen some of the words before. You can listen to the results here. Stephen Cox at the University of East Anglia in the UK says the Google system is …6… because it learns all aspects of speech – …7… punctuation, prosody (the "tune" of the voice) and intonation – without expert intervention. By Nicole Kobie New Scientist, 28 December 2017 | ROBOT GOOD PROFESSION ASSEMBLE COMPLETE IMPRESS INCLUDE |
Exercise 12. Complete the sentences in the text with a suitable word from the table above. Use each word once only.
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| crew electronics onboard speakers launch crash cellular risk communication phone |
"Mobile phones can bring a plane down"
Have you ever noticed that sometimes, usually just before your phone rings, your …1… start emitting a static sound? That's …2… interference, and it's quite annoying. It's even more annoying if it's being blasted through your headset when you're a member of the flight …3… trying to organise irritated passengers while simultaneously preparing to …4… an 80-ton plane 12,000 metres into the air.
Not being allowed to use your phone …5… actually has nothing to do with potentially causing a …6…: it's more due to the risk of this cellular interference sound distracting flight crew. There is almost no risk of causing a plane crash because you were using your …7…, but aviation authorities understandably choose to err on the side of caution.
Modern aircraft have …8… that are designed to shield them from interference from cellular …9… . It's estimated that at least half of all phones are not switched onto flight mode, and there remains no known flight that was adversely affected by this kind of interference. So while you could send those last few Snapchat selfies as your flight takes off, for the sake of the crew, it's probably best not to …10… it.
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