Exercise 5. Answer the questions using the names of different shops.
Where do you go if you want to:
1. get fast food?
2. buy some vegetables?
3. have your eyes examined?
4. buy some nails and a hammer?
5. get your hair cut?
6. have some clothes cleaned?
7. buy some cigars and cigarettes?
8. buy a wedding ring?
9. get pens, pencils, paper?
10. buy cakes and chocolate?
11. have your teeth examined?
12. buy some medicine?
13. buy some meat?
14. buy some flowers?
15. get some information about travelling?
16. have your watch repaired?
17. have your pet examined?
18. have advice about your health?
Exercise 6. Translate into English.
1. Во вчерашней газете было несколько интересных статей.
2. Не могли бы вы дать мне адрес Чарльза?
3. Это машина Джеймса, машина Алекса белая.
4. Перед первым сентября в школе было родительское собрание.
5. Работа стюардессы достаточно сложна.
6. Это мужской клуб, а не женский.
7. Детство Дениса было трудным.
8. Мы встретились с Анной в парикмахерской и решили выпить по чашечке кофе в кондитерской.
9. Я устала, давайте сделаем пятиминутный перерыв.
10. Детишки играли в тени дерева.
11. Дом моей мамы был построен ее дедушкой.
12. После лекции профессор ответил на вопросы студентов.
13. Карло - это мужское имя, а Карла - это женское имя.
14. Муж моей подруги - инженер.
15. Мне очень нравятся стихи Бернса и Китса.
16. Татьяна отказалась от предложения Виктора.
17. В нашей библиотеке есть книги С. Кинга.
18. Комната моих дочерей самая большая в доме.
19. Дети восхищались зонтиком Мэри Поппинс.
20. Советы моей мамы всегда полезны.
21. Давай встретимся в офисе Томаса.
22. Ее кукольное лицо выражало возрастающее раздражение.
23. Я не помню имени сестры моего друга.
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24. Ради Бога, скажите правду.
25. В сегодняшней вечерней газете есть длинная статья Питера об этом.
26. Боюсь, мы опоздаем к Джону.
27. Наступило минутное молчание.
28. Столица Великобритании - Лондон.
29. После университета в течение года или двух она преподавала в хорошей женской школе.
30. Он отправился в аптеку.
31. Ее лицо было значительно привлекательнее лица ее сестры.
32. Я устал от постоянной болтовни Джейн.
33. Я не смог узнать, как зовут человека, который принес это письмо.
34. Джейн не знала что делать, в этот раз она была в тупике. Дом ее подруги находился в двух шагах от нее, и она могла с легкостью поделиться с ней всеми своими проблемами, но она решила обойти этот дом от греха подальше.
EXTRA EXERCISES
Exercise 7. Use ‘s or s’ only where possible with these nouns.
e.g. a delay of an hour – an hour’s delay
1. a journey of two days
2. the shade of the tree
3. the inside of the box
4. the price of success
5. work of seven years
6. the surface of the earth
7. an absence of a year
8. the bottom of the box
9. the decision of the committee
10. the Minister of Sport
11. the fault of no one
12. the leg of the table
13. the key of the car
14. the responsibility of someone else
15. the mother of the twins
16. the name of your street
17. the children of Mary and John
18. the dog of my mother-in-law
19. the hats of the passers-by
20. the paintings of Levitan and Shishkin
21. die orders of commanders-in-chief
22. the success of the company
23. the secretary of the president
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24. the door of the garage
25. the car of the man I met 2 days ago
26. the rays of the sun
27. the policy of the government
Exercise 8. Paraphrase these sentences using ‘s, s’ or just an apostrophe (').
e.g. This bicycle is for a child. – This is a child’s bicycle.
1. This pen belongs to the teacher.
2. He describes the career of the actress.
3. That’s a job for a stewardess.
4. These toys belong to the children.
5. This is a club for women.
6. It’s a school for girls.
7. This is the lounge for residents.
8. This umbrella belongs to James.
9. That hat belongs to Doris.
10. That’s a voice of a man.
11. I can’t see the bottom of the box.
12. That’s the decision of the committee.
13. It’s the fault of no one.
14. This is a copy of the poetry of Keats.
15. That’s the leg of the table.
16. Where’s the key of the car?
17. That’s the bell of the village church that you can hear.
Exercise 9. Use the Possessive Case.
e.g. the door / the room – the door of the room
the mother /Ann – Ann’s mother
1. the camera / Tom
2. the eyes / the cat
3. the top / the page
4. the daughter / Charles
5. the newspaper / today
6. the toys / the children
7. the name / your wife
8. the name / this street
9. the name / the man I saw you with yesterday
10. the new manager / the company
11. the result / the football match
12. the car / Mike’s parents
13. the birthday / my father
14. the new head master / the school
15. the garden / our neighbours
16. the ground floor / the building
17. the children / Don and Mary
18. the economic policy / the government
19. the husband / the woman talking to Тоm
20. the house / my aunt and uncle
REVISION EXERCISES
I. Use the possessive case.
1. this child / a toy
2. Mr. Carter / a safe
3. James / the wife
4. Dan and Della / a baby
5. the notebook / the cover
6. his girl-friend / a cat
II. Write in the Plural.
1. This girl’s hair is long.
2. That baby’s face is funny.
3. The woman’s family is large.
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4. The sportsman’s wife is young.
5. This chief’s tie is red.
6. My sister-in-law’s dress is nice.
III. Translate into English.
1. Сын сестры моего друга - студент.
2. Жену моего брата зовут Анна.
3. Имя сына моего бывшего одноклассника странное.
4. Книги сына моего друга всегда чистые.
5. Оценки сыновей этого инженера только отличные.
6. Квартира дочери моей золовки большая.
7. Комната Лены и Ани светлая.
8. Романы Диккенса и Лондона хорошо известны.
9. Имя бывшего мужа моей подруги - Алексей.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
We find the following personal pronouns in English:
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | I | we |
| 2nd person | you | you |
| 3rd person | he she it | they |
I and we are said to be the pronouns of the 1st person, i.e. a person (or persons) who speaks (speak).
You is said to be the pronoun of the 2nd person, i.e. a person (persons) spoken to. He, she, it and they are said to be the pronouns of the 3rd person, i.e. a person (persons) or a thing (things) spoken about.
We distinguish singular and plural personal pronouns. Singular personal pronouns refer to one person or thing and plural personal pronouns refer to more than one person or thing. The pronouns I, we, you, he and she are mainly used for persons. I, we and you are indifferent to gender, while he is masculine and she feminine.
The pronoun it is used for animals, concrete things and abstract notions, i.e. it refers to neuter nouns.
The pronoun they is used for persons, animals and things and is indifferent to gender.
The personal pronouns are used as nouns in the sentence.
The personal pronouns have the category of case. There are two cases for personal pronouns – the nominative case and the objective case.
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| The Nominative Case | Thе Objective Case |
| I | me |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| you | you |
| they | them |
The forms of the nominative case function in the sentence as subjects.
e. g. I expect they will laugh at me.
Don’t you know what he's up to?
The forms of the objective case function in the sentence as objects.
e. g. I met him in the street. (direct object)
He gave me some advice (indirect object)
Please, don't tell anyone about us. (prepositional object)
When personal pronouns are used as predicatives or after than, as and but, the nominative case is considered to be very formal; the use of the objective case is preferred in spoken English.
e. g. Who is it? – It’s me.
Do you need anything? - Yes, a secretary that I’ll dictate my piece to. - I’ll be her. You’re better off than them (they).
She is as tall as him (he).
No one can do it but him (he).
But only a nominative case personal pronoun can be used in the following sentence pattern where the pronoun is followed by a clause.
e. g. It was I who did it.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Name the forms of the personal pronouns. Make up sentences with all the pronouns. If a pronoun has the same form in the Nominative and the Objective Case, make up 2 sentences.
Model: She is the Nominative Case.
Her is the Objective Case.
You is the Nominative Case and the Objective Case.
The Singular —it, she, him, you, me, her, I, he.
The Plural —we, them, you, they, us.
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