How should you express enthusiasm?
a. By establishing eye contact with each member of the audience.
b. By waving your arms.
c. By raising your voice andmaking hand or arm gestures during important points.
How should you stand?
a. Relaxed or leaning against the wall (table).
b. Straight, but relaxed with your hands by your sides.
c. Arms crossed over your chest.
d. Back turned to the audience.
How should you maintain eye contact with the audience?
a. Focus on a small amount of people and look at them as often as possible.
b. Look at your notes, the screen or the floor.
c. Spread your attention around the audience, and make eye contact with each person.
How should you emphasise something?
a. Move forward to show that something is important.
b. Use a pen or a pointer to draw attention to important parts of the presentation.
c. Use your finger to point out important parts of the presentation.
How should you speak?
a. Speak with the same, flat, monotonous voice throughout your presentation.
b. At either normal speed or slightly slower than usual.
c. Speak changing your voice in either a high or a low tone.
Exercise 2. Complete the list of “signposting” phrases with useful phrases from the box given below.
| Let’s go back to what we were discussing earlier… | |
| In this part of my presentation, I’d like… | |
| Let me briefly summarize the main issues. | |
| This brings me to the end of my second (third, etc.) point… | |
| As I said earlier… | Let’s now turn to the next issue… |
| I’d like to sum up the main points. | So much for … |
| As I mentioned previously… | Let’s move on to the next point. |
| This leads us to my next point… | Let me give you a brief overview of… |
| 1. Saying what is coming in the next part | ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
| 2. Moving on to the next point | ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
| 3. Indicating the end of a section | ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
| 4. Referring back to | ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
| 5. Summarising a point | ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
Exercise 3. Match the two parts to make sentences.
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| 1. 1. This brings | a. a. the issue of environmental pollution. |
| 2. 2. This leads | b. b. come back to this question later. |
| 3. 3. Let’s now turn to | c. c. we were discussing earlier. |
| 4. 4. As I mentioned | d. d. us directly to my next question. |
| 5. 5. I’d like to | e. e. earlier, I’d like to give you a brief overview of… |
| 6. 6. Let’s go back to what | f. f. I’ll be focusing on the advantages of the technology. |
| 7. 7. As I said earlier | g. g. to the next point, which is price. |
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with words from the box according to the meanings.
| cope with | take care of | identify | clarify | deal with |
I think it’s important to ______________the problem as soon as possible.
a. to find or discover a problem
b. to make sth easier to understand
c. to solve a problem, to perform a task
d. to deal successfully with sth difficult
e. to be responsible for or to deal with a situation or task
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with words from the box
| regarding | according to | concerns | apart from |
| in connection with/concerning | |||
1. _____________ being too expensive, this model is also too big.
2. There are a few problems ____________ the quality.
3. I’d like to mention some critical points ____________ performance capabilities.
4. Let’s now turn to the next question which ___________ monitoring and control.
5. _____________ the handbook, the engine consumes less fuel.
Exercise 6. Match the two parts to make sentences used to describe visuals.
| 1. 1. On the next slide | a. a. from this picture, the design is completely new. |
| 2. 2. My next slide shows | b. b. countries are involved in the project. |
| 3. 3. As you can see | c. c. how much the design has changed. |
| 4. 4. Let me show you some | d. d. show you the results of the latest research. |
| 5. 5. To illustrate this I’ll | e. e. at the figures on the next slide. |
| 6. 6. Let’s now have a closer look | f. f. which shows the development of the product design through the years. |
| 7. 7. Here we can see how many | g. g. interesting details. |
| 8. 8. I have a slide | h. h. you will see a photo of the aerodynamic turbine. |
Exercise 7. Put the words in the right order to make expressions which can be used inthe main part of a presentation.
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1. Let’s / point…/ move on / the next / now to
____________________________________________________
2. My aim is / about / developments… / the latest / to inform you
____________________________________________________
3. As I mentioned / give / I’ll / a brief overview… / you / earlier
____________________________________________________
4. Moreover, / should / there are / interesting facts / we / other / take a look at.
____________________________________________________
5. In addition to / that…/ I’d like / this, / to say
____________________________________________________
6. With / regard to / need / project design, / more details. / we ____________________________________________________
7. As / see / you / on the slide… / can
____________________________________________________
Home assignment
Now that you have learned how to make the main body you may do the major part of your talk and speak on essence of the subject you have chosen. Take into consideration all useful tips given above.
Conclusion
Do not forget that last impressions are just as important as first impressions. Your conclusion is the place to make sure that you have planted the key ideas of your talk in your listeners’ minds. Do not miss the opportunity!
Here are some strategies of effective conclusions:
Summarize the main points;
Quote a famous person;
Ask a provocative question or make a surprising statement;
Use the “sandwich” technique, which means your introduction and conclusion are connected (like two slices of bread in a sandwich) and the main part is like the cheese in between. You should have a connection between the beginning and the end of your talk. If, for example, you start telling a joke in the introduction, stop at an exciting moment and move on to the main part. Then finish the joke in the conclusion.
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At the end of the booklet you may find relevant Useful Vocabulary.
Conclusion Practice
Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences with the best preposition from the box .
| into | for | as | with | for | in |
| of | up | through/over | by | in | |
EXAMPLE: I would like to conclude by thanking you all.
1. So, to sum __________, I have presented three solutions.
2. Let's put the plan ________practice.
3. ______ conclusion I would like to say that.......
4. Please feel free to get ______ touch______me.
5. At this stage I would like to run ________the main points...
6. I would like to finish _____ reminding everyone that......
7. Thank you _____ listening.
Exercise 2. Match a phrase or sentence on the left with a phrase or sentence on the right.
| 1. I think this proves the point that | a. of the new design. |
| 2. First, I outlined the old system; | b. for a few quick questions. |
| 3. Finally, I'd like to | c. then, I explained the advantages of the new system. |
| 4. I recommend the third option. | d. the experiment was conducted correctly. |
| 5. If you need to get in touch with me, | e. There are two main reasons for this. |
| 6. That sums up my description | f. my email address is on the screen. |
| 7. There's just time | i. thank you all for listening this afternoon. |
Exercise 3. Complete the following concluding paragraph with appropriate words from the box.
| recommend | then | sum up | with | just | decide |
| attention | next | solutions | third | thank | time |
So, to 1_________, I explained the problem 2__________the existing system and 3___________ presented three possible4_____________.The first solution requires new equipment, the 5___________solution needs more research and the6___________solution needs a complete change of strategy. We now need to 7____________which solution we will select. I 8____________ the third solution because it will be more efficient in the long run. Finally, I'd like to 9__________you for10___________this afternoon. 11___________is nearly up, so we 12__________have a few minutes for questions.
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Exercise 4. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
EXAMPLE: I have covered the points I needed to.
a) covered b) spoken с) wanted d) advantage
1. As well as pros, there are also....................
a) cons b) compromise с) advantages d) negative
2. We have some time for a....................questions.
a) little b) few с) many d) much
3. The....................disadvantage is the time it would take.
a) small b) large с) main d) certain
4. Are there any....................questions or comments?
a) fast b) few с) more d) less
5. That's the plan in ……………...
a) real b) idea с) general d) theory.
Exercise 5. Choose the phrases which could be used in the final part of your talk
I'm here today to inform you...
My purpose today is to introduce you to...
I'd like to finish saying that...
I will talk for fifteen minutes.
I'd like to conclude by reminding you that ...
My presentation is split into three key areas.
To sum up then, ...
There will be time for questions at the end...
In conclusion, may I remind you ..
Please feel free to interrupt me as I go along.
To summarise my main points ...
I'd like to review ...
I'm going to analyse ...
Let me end by ...
Let's now move on to ...
This brings me to ...
Finally, I'd like you to look at this graph.
To illustrate my point let’s look at some diagrams.
Home assignment: Think carefully about an effective conclusion. Do not underestimate this part of your presentation!
Dealing with Questions
At the beginning of your talk you let the audience know when they can ask questions. You either suggest that the listeners should save their questions for the end or they may interrupt you at any moment to ask a question or make a comment. In any case,be polite to your listeners, respect them! Imagine yourself asking a question at a presentation and the speaker dismisses you instead of answering. How would you feel? Annoyed, ashamed, or probably disappointed? Moreover, it is rude not to answer a question. It is better to answer evasively rather than answer negatively.
If your listener not only asks you something, but also expresses his/her point of view which you do not share, learn to say: “I agree with you/I see your point,but…”. This phrase will not let your listener feel incompetent. You will be equals discussing an important matter, and the atmosphere will become friendly.
Always make sure you have understood the question. Do not hesitate to ask the questioner to repeat it. Rephrase the question in your own words, if necessary, to check that you have understood it right.
At the end of the booklet you may find relevant Useful Vocabulary.
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