Lecture №10 . Cloud and Mobile technologies.

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Purpose:The purpose of this lecture is to analyze current trends in hardware, leading to the emergence of cloud computing technology.

Plan:

1. Date centres. Tendencies of development of the modern infrastructure decisions.

2. Principles of cloud computing. Technologies of virtualization. Web service in the Cloud.

3.Main terms and concepts of mobile technologies. Mobile services. Standards of mobile technologies.

1.Date centres. Tendencies of development of the modern infrastructure decisions.

Data center (from the English data center.), оr center (and storage), data (data center / TSHOD) - is a specialized building for the accommodation (hosting) server and network equipment and connecting users to the Internet channels,

Data Center performs processing functions, storage and dissemination of information, usually in the interest of corporate clients - it is focused on solving business problems by providing information services. Data centers are typically located within or in proximity to the node or connection point any one or more carriers. Quality and channel bandwidth does not affect the level of service as the main criterion for evaluating the quality of any data center is the server availability.

Modern infrastructure solutions. Every year for the continuity of the business services requirements increase, and obsolete equipment to ensure the smooth functioning of virtually impossible. In this regard, the largest IT vendors produce and implement a more functional and reliable hardware and software solutions. Consider the basic tendencies of development of infrastructure solutions, which, one way or another, contributed to the emergence of cloud computing concept.

Growth performance computers. The advent of multi-core and multi-processor computer systems, the development of blade systems1.The emergence of systems and storage area networks2. Infrastructure Consolidation The advent of blade systems

In the development of computer technology has always existed a large class of problems that require a high concentration of computing resources. These include, for example, complex high-performance computing (scientific problems, mathematical modeling), as well as maintenance tasks large number of users (distributed databases, Internet services, hosting). Increasing the number of computing units in the data center requires new approaches to the placement of servers, and also leads to an increase in premises costs for data centers, their power, cooling and maintenance. What is the Blade-server? By definition, this market research firm IDC Blade-server or blade - a modular single-board computer system that includes a processor and memory. The blades are inserted into a special chassis with a backplane (backplane), providing them a network connection and power supply.

The emergence of systems and storage area networks Another feature of the modern history of the development of computer systems, along with the advent of blade servers, was the emergence of specialized systems and storage area networks. Internal storage subsystem servers often could not provide the required level of scalability and performance under a cascade of increasing the volume of information processed. As a result, there were external storage systems focused exclusively on the decision of the data storage tasks and providing data access interface for their use.

Consolidation of IT infrastructure Consolidation - an association of computing resources or management structures in a single center.

Analysis of international experience allows us today to talk about a clear trend towards consolidation of corporate IT resources. That she is able to significantly reduce IT costs. Savings same tools can be directed to improving the quality of available information services, and the introduction of new ones. In addition to optimizing IT costs, consolidate IT resources, improves manageability enterprises through more current and complete information about their functioning. Usually they talk about consolidation:

a) servers - moving decentralized applications distributed on different company servers in one cluster of centralized homogeneous servers;

b) Storage - sharing of centralized storage multiple heterogeneous hosts;

c) Application - accommodation of multiple applications on a single host.

2. Principles of cloud computing. Technologies of virtualization. Web service in the Cloud.

Terms such as "cloud" and "cloud computing" since the beginning of zero began to be used quite often by the general public and actively Force IT-startups. For many of these concepts are abstract and vague. Let's see, what, specifically, is the - cloud computing.

Cloud computing - the public, the term that is defined in the authoritative sources like the following:

Cloud computing - a principle (model), according to which computing resources such as servers, storage and data processing device (or the services of the program - in other sources) are available on request from the customer, are provided with a network connection.
At the same time there are a few characteristics that the system should have recognition for its cloud. Here are the most common ones:

1. The same resources (service data) can be obtained regardless of which device and how the customer uses the network node;

2. Ability to identify client's resources that it uses; 3. Price calculation depending on the volume of services used;4. Flexibility - the ability for a customer at any time to change the amount of resources used by it in the automatic mode;

5. The presence of a service that provides computing services, API.

6. pooling of resources allocated among the clients in a single system.

Virtualization Technology According to statistics, the average processing capacity utilization at the server running Windows does not exceed 10%, in Unix-based systems, this figure is better, but still an average of less than 20%. Low server utilization is due to widely used since the early 90s approach "one application - one server".., Ie, every time the company acquires a new server for the deployment of a new application. It is obvious that in practice this means a rapid increase in server park and as a consequence - increase in costs for its administration, power and cooling, as well as the need for additional space for the installation of all new servers and the acquisition of licenses for the server operating system.

Virtualization of resources of the physical server, allows the flexibility to distribute them between applications, each of which is thus "sees" only the resources dedicated to it and "thinks" that it a dedicated server, in this case implemented a "one server - several applications.". but without compromising performance, availability and security of server applications. In addition, virtualization solutions make it possible to run in different sections of the operating system via emulation of system calls to the hardware resources of the server.

The virtual car will be called the software or hardware environment that hides the real implementation of a process or an object from presentation. Virtual car - a fully isolated software container that works with its own operating system and applications, like a physical computer. The virtual machine acts just like a physical computer and contains its own virtual (ie, software) of RAM, hard drive and network adapter.

Web services in the Cloud. Often there are three options, three service models (eng. service — services, services) in the cloud:1. IaaS — infrastructure as a service. This infrastructure consists of all computer parts and provided so that it can be customised almost as iron in the form of a computer. Of course, it is served in the abstract after virtualization.2. PaaS — platform as a service. In this case, the client works with the system at a higher level. If we compare these two services with standard hosting services, the difference between PaaS and IaaS can be thought of as the difference between normal shared hosting and VDS.3. SaaS — software as a service. The user is given only implemented in the framework of service opportunities.

3.Main terms and concepts of mobile technologies. Mobile services. Standards of mobile technologies.

Mobile device’s technology

Technology and technical devices of mobile commerce make user a large extent independent of stationary computing devices, providing all of the above possibilities for mobile phone or handheld computer available. This independence is very important for a business person: often the decision is released for a limited time, and it should not interfere with such factors as the inability to rapid clearance of the transaction or the lack of access to information channels.

Below listed are the mobile devices that are the most common nowadays, which allow to work in the area of mobile commerce.

Mobile phone with WAP function, GPRS or own microbrowser. Mobile (smartphone) has become a significant phenomenon of the late XX - early XXI century. Advances in technology and communication standards chips lowered the price of the phone for fifteen years, more than twenty times. This functionality has increased many times over - a modern smartphone is a powerful computing device with a flexible operating system, large memory, database, built-in frequency and time standard multimedia features, the ability to communicate with other electronic devices, and exit the Internet.

Mobile access to the Internet can take place via a wireless modem, built-in WAP-browser, or by synchronizing the device

It connected to the Internet (WAP-phone, a smartphone, a laptop, a personal computer). Application protocol wireless connection (Wireless Application Protocol - WAP) is a result of collaborative association WAP Forum, bringing together device manufacturers and mobile technology (Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, Samsung Electronics), telecommunications operators (Deutsche Telecom, France Telecom, AT&T) and the company that manufacture software and services providers (Microsoft, IBM, RSA, Unwired Planet, Symbian). Association covers about 90% of the market wireless devices. The purpose of the association - to develop a unified open standard for exchanging content between wireless devices and Web-based server. The WAP protocol includes specifications for the transport and session layers (see chap. "Open Systems"), as well as data protection.

Increased attention to the WAP due to several reasons. One of them: Internet and mobile devices today – are two very promising and rapidly developing industry, therefore, the development of standard communication between them is one of the most popular solutions. WAP is a set of the following protocols:

• protocol ensuring the data exchange between the client and the server (Wireless Session Protocol - WSP);

• ensuring of transactions based on the protocol of the transport mechanism of requests and responses (Wireless Transaction Protocol - WTP, Request and Reply);

• wireless transmission Datagram Protocol (Wireless Datagram Protocol - WDP);

• to ensure the safety protocol (Wireless Transport Layer Security - WTLS).

Information is transmitted between the client and the WAP-WAP-server. In a typical mobile WAP-phone can act as a client. With microbrowser-program request is sent to the wireless access network, which is received by the WAP-gateway. WAP-gateway, in turn, sends the URL-request using the HTTP protocol the requested Web-site, with the requested Web-page to be written in a language WML (Wireless Markup Language). Web-site generates a response in WML format, sends it at WAP-gateway and from there, the requested information is transmitted to the mobile phone in the client binary format. After that, the information is decrypted and presented in a convenient form for the customer - audio, video, text message.

Mobile services on the Microsoft Azure platform - one of the most modern types of applications that can be developed in Visual Studio. Mobile service on the Azure platform - is a server application that manages cloud database used them to store information received from the mobile application on your mobile device. The scheme of the chain "mobile app- mobile service" next. The user (mobile client) on your smartphone can run a mobile application that interacts with the mobile cloud service in the Azure cloud. The mobile client enters the required information in the form of on-screen on a smartphone, and refers to the mobile service, stores the information in the cloud database. After this possible treatment

This scheme is useful in many areas: for example, a visit to the patient's doctor, who inspects the patient and transmits the data via their smartphone to the cloud database. This cloud-based database, in turn, can be quickly accessed by other doctors and clinic management, etc. In this respect, the use of cloud computing Azure platform provides a huge opportunity, both in terms of the volume of information stored in the cloud, and in terms of ease of use.

Mobile technology standards.

Nowadays, there are three standards for mobile communications: CDMA, GSM and UMTS.

GSM-standard

Customer’s growing demand forced manufacturers to develop a variety of technologies to increase the data rate. Thus, initially, the data transmitted in GSM at a rate of 9.6 kilobits per second. But with the advent of GPRS-technology, subscribers receive a decent alternative to the Dial-Up for mobile Internet access. Almost all Ukrainian operators, the average speed of GPRS-connection is about 40-50 kilobits per second and can vary significantly depending on various conditions.

The next step in the development of high-speed capabilities of GSM has been the development of EDGE technology. Initially it had pinned great hopes up to support streaming video and online TV. But in practice the stated rate was virtually unattainable, thus, EDGE technology was simple, which increases the speed of access to the Internet from a mobile phone compared to GPRS.

UMTS - a new communication standard, which allows you to get in addition to standard services, available in the second-generation networks, and more features such as video calls, online TV and a high-speed Internet access. This technology is recognized as a 3G-standard. UMTS is realized in four frequency bands 850/1700/1900/2100 MHz. However, it is possible that this number may soon be extended. In Ukraine, a UMTS connection is available only at a frequency of 2100 MHz, and is only one provider - Utel, two other operators, "Kyivstar" and Beeline offer their subscribers roaming access to the network.

The rates offered UMTS standard, not long satisfied customers, so was soon developed and implemented HSDPA technology by which data transfer rate has increased nearly 10 times. However, with such a substantial increase in injection rate, the reverse flow was too small. Thus was born the HSUPA technology, which is at the same high injection rate, almost 10 times increased the rate of outgoing data flow. At this point in Ukraine is only implemented HSDPA technology with a peak speed of 3.6 Mb / s technology capabilities allow it to increase to 14 MB / s.

In the 4G technology standards are used LTE and WiMAX.

Many providers often use the 4G term to describe the technologies offered today, sometimes even at the same time distorting reality. However, current 4G implementation mostly relates to the pre-4G, since they do not fully meet the requirements of high-speed 4G - to 1Gbit / s for stationary reception and 100Mbit / s to mobile.

In addition to speed, to qualify as a 4G network, it must satisfy a number of other principles. In short, the network must be extremely spectrally efficient, must dynamically allocate and use their resources to support large numbers of simultaneous users per cell, should offer a high quality of service for next generation multimedia support, and should be based on a switched network all-IP.

LTE -standard LTE Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is regarded by many as the natural successor to the current 3G technologies. This is partly due to the fact that it updates the UMTS network to a significantly higher data transmission rates, as in downloading, and the injection. The specification provides a peak download speed at the level of 100 Mbps / sec, and the injection - to 50Mbit / sec. However, tests in the real world data rate will likely be in the area 5-12 Mbit / sec for downloading and 2-5Mbit / sec per injection.

In general, the LTE standard developed by a consortium 3rd Generation Partnership Project (or 3GPP) as the eighth edition of what has evolved from the GSM family of standards since 1992.

WiMAX - is a broadband wireless standard, which is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard. As the name implies, WiMAX can be considered an extension of the standard Wi-Fi, designed to provide a wide range of devices (from laptops to smartphones) high-speed mobile internet access. The current implementation is based on the WiMAX 802.16e specification, which is a 30-mile range (48,27km) theoretically offers transfer speeds of up to 70Mbit / sec.

Questions:

1. What is Data Center?

2. What are the principles of cloud computing?

3. What is Virtualization Technology?

4. What are the Web-service Cloud?

5. What are the differences between a standard as LTE and WiMAX?

References

2. Lorenzo Cantoni (University of Lugano, Switzerland) James A. Danowski (University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA) Communication and Technology, 576 pages.

3. Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (6 Volumes). ISBN13: 9781599049496, 2008, Pages: 4288

4. Utelbaeva A.K.,Utelbaeva A.K. Study guide for lectures on discipline “Computer science”, Shimkent 2008, 84 pages.

Resources:

1. http://www.intuit.ru/studies/courses/673/529/lecture/11914?page=2

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