In pairs, brainstorm all possible ways of polite interruptions someone.
Exercise 6.11. Look at the following phrases from different presentations and say which of them refer to polite interruption and which of them refer to impolite interruption.
1. Pardon me, could you…
2. I don’t mean / I’m sorry to intrude but…
3. Excuse me (name), may I add to that…?
4. You are not listening to me… I said…
5. While that is an important point, it’s also important to add.
6. What was that?
7. Just before we move on to the next point, may I add…?
8. Wait a minute.
9. Sorry? I didn’t catch that, is it possible to repeat the last point.
10. Hold on / Hold up while a say…
11. Be quiet.
12. Excuse me for interrupting you, but I don’t think this information is relevant to the subject of our discussion.
13. What did you say?
14. I’m sorry to interrupt, but…
15. It’s my turn to talk.
16. I’m sorry for the interruption.
17. What are you talking about?
18. But I’ve already said…
19. Stop interrupting me when I’m talking.
20. Forgive me for interrupting you, but I’d like to ask a question.
UNIT 7. Presenting a Poster
Connect to Your Life
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
· Have you ever prepared and presented a poster at a conference? If so, did anyone ask you questions about your research?
· What do you think the key features of a good poster are?
Exercise 7.1. Complete the text below about a scientific poster using the words in the box.
| medium; combination; understand; minimal; information; fully; combined; presented; visually; simple |
What is a scientific poster?
A scientific poster is a single large page containing all the (a)_____ to be communicated. In effect, a poster is an abridged form of a journal article, and therefore follows the IMRAD (Introduction, Materials, Results and Discussion) format.
Posters are a highly effective scientific communication (b)_____ generally used at technical workshops, conferences and other scientific meetings.
The main aim of a scientific poster
The main aim of a scientific poster is for the information to be (c)_____ through the use of visuals in a well coordinated and organized (d)_____ of text and illustrative matter. An effective poster must rely primarily on visuals—illustrations and drawings, graphics such as charts and bar graphs, photographs, and design features like use of color and typography—to convey information.
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Peculiarities of a good scientific poster
A good scientific poster should:
Ø be (e)_____ and highly informative;
Ø tell the story (f)_____ and completely;
Ø be easy to read and (g)_____, with relevant legends;
Ø be (h)_____ appealing and attractive to encourage people to read it;
Ø contain text and illustrative matter (i)_____ harmoniously to produce an effective presentation;
Ø contain (j)_____ colour clashes, which can confuse readers.
In pairs, discuss the following questions:
· What is a scientific poster?
· What do you think the main aim of a scientific poster is?
· Will you enumerate specific features of a good scientific poster?
Exercise 7.2. Read the following advice about organizing your poster and label the paragraphs with the headings below.
§ References
§ Acknowledgements
§ Materials and Methods
§ Title
§ Literature review
§ Author Name(s) and Affiliation(s)
§ Discussion
§ Introduction
§ Results
1 _____Describe the research project briefly and concisely using a short phrase that forecasts what the research study is about. The title should be no more than two lines.
2 _____Include the name of each author on the line underneath the title. Include each author’s institutional or organizational affiliation on the next line. If more than one author has the same affiliation, you only need to list the institution or organization once.
3 _____Introduce the specific research question, explain why the question is important, state the purpose of the study.
4 In the _____ of a research report you should discuss the published, peer-reviewed studies that other researchers have already conducted related to your research question or topic. Then explain how your project addresses what is still not known about the research question or topic. You will need to carefully select and discuss the most relevant sources to frame your project.
5 _____ section should explain:
o What you did to conduct your research project, and
o How you did.
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Researchers in your field want to know detailed information about your materials and methods to ensure that your research approach is sound. In a research report, you would need to provide enough detail that your readers could repeat the study. In your poster, however, you won’t have the space to provide this level of detail. Much like in the Introduction, you’ll need to decide what your audience most needs to know about your methods, and then streamline that information. Use visuals, if possible, to show key features of your methodology.
6 _____Show the results/major findings of your research project using visuals—charts, graphs, maps, drawings, photographs. The Results is usually the longest section of a scientific poster.
7 _____explain and interpret the results/major findings. Forecast the next steps for research in the field. What should future research on this topic focus on?
8 _____ many science and engineering research projects receive grant funding. List any organizations that provided funding for the project and include the grant number. This section can also be used to acknowledge other project contributors and/or advisors. Students often use this section to acknowledge their faculty advisor here.
9 _____ include full citation information for all of your sources. Cite references in the citation style used in your field. APA (American Psychological Association) is commonly used in the social sciences, and CSE (Council of Science Editors) is commonly used in scientific disciplines. Check with your professor, advisor, or another professional working in your field to determine the correct style.
Read & Reflect
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