Unit 3. Writing Guide: How to Write Summary
Text 1. Standard Summaries –Form and Function
Text 2. Summary as Part of Different Types of Assigned Reading
Text 3. How to Summarize the Journal Article
Text 1. Standard Summaries –Form and Function
By Donna LeCourt, Kate Kiefer, and Stephen Reid.. (1994 - 2012). Summaries. Colorado State University. Retrieve from https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=30.
Active Vocabulary
A summary – a summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details.
A synopsis – is a summary of a longer piece of writing or work (book).
3. to recap – you can say that you are going to recap when you want to draw people`s attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the main points of an explanation, argument, for description, as a summary.
A gist – the gist of a speech, conversation, or piece of writing is its general meaning.
5. a lead– if you give a lead, you do something new or develop new ideas or methods that other people consider to be a good example or model to follow.
A depiction – a depiction of something is a picture or written description of it.
7. a scope –the extent of a given activity or subject that is involved, treated, or
relevant. The scope of an activity, topic, or piece of work is the whole area which it deals with or includes. The scope identifies the boundaries of the study in term of subjects, objectives, facilities, area, time frame, and the issues to which the research is focused.
8. a focus – the focus of something is the main topic or main thing that is concerned with.
9. a précis – is a short written or spoken account of something, which gives the important points but not the details.
A nutshell – you can use in a nutshell to indicate that you are saying something in a very brief way, using few words.
11. concise – something that is concise says everything that is necessary without using any necessary words, expressing much in few words; clear and succinct.
If you are going to be active listeners, good readers, responsible researches, efficient writers it is essential to you to know how to write a summary. A summary, synopsis, or recap is a shorter version of the original. Such a simplification highlights the major points from the much longer subject, such as a text, speech, film, or event. The purpose is to help the audience get the gist in a short period of time. A written summary starts with a lead, including title, author, text type, and the main idea of the text. It has a clearly arranged structure and is paraphrased with new words without quotations from the text.
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As a writer, you decide what goes into your summary based on what the summary needs to do for your readers. If you write a summary to remind yourself about the content of an article you read as part of a large research project, you'll decide about how much detail to include in your summary based on the scope and focus of your research. If you write a summary to include as part of a review of literature, you'll shape the summary based on how much you believe your target readers know about your topic before they begin reading your review of literature. A summary can be as short as a single sentence (a précis or nutshell statement) or as long as 30% of the length of the original article you're summarizing (a detailed summary). Choosing among the options for a summary means thinking about what your readers need. For a short project or paper that uses only five to ten sources, a nutshell statement or précis for each source may suffice.
For a longer project (more sources or extending over a long time), more detailed summaries help writers remember sources accurately. A detailed summarycan be up to 30% the length of the original piece, though it rarely is that long unless the piece is extremely complex in connecting ideas and presenting proof or evidence. Most often, a detailed summary begins with the author and title of the piece followed by a concise restatement of the main idea. The detailed summary can then summarize the original piece point-by-point or it can present a more synthetic recap of major supporting points and types of proof. A detailed summary will also typically include key examples or details, as well as some quotations to capture the style and tone of the original piece. Particularly because a detailed summary will fill one or more long paragraphs, writers remind readers that the material is being summarized by using frequent author tags.
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