O. Do you often have premonitions? Do you take them seriously? Listen and learn the poem of Emily Dickinson by heart.



“Presentiment is that long Shadow on the Lawn

Indicative that Suns go down.

The Notice to the startled Grass

That Darkness is about to pass.”  

 

GRAMMAR

FUTURE SIMPLE. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. FIRST CONDITIONAL, TIME CLAUSES

A. Pre-reading task. Choose the correct tense – Future Simple, Present Simple or Present Continuous. What’s the difference between them?

1) Cathy is arriving at half past ten. I _______ (meet) her at the station.

2) I don’t know how to use this camera. – It’s easy. I ______ (show) you.

3) I hope to play tennis tomorrow if the weather ________ (be) fine.

4) I ________ (leave) now. I’ve come to say goodbye.

5) If you ______ (not/eat) anything now, you will be hungry later.

6) Oh, I’ve left the door open. I _______ (go) out right now and shut it.

7) That plate is hot. If you touch it, you ______ (burn) yourself.

8) The comet ________ (return) to our solar system in around 500 years.

9) We ________ (be going to) a concert tonight. It _______ (start) at 7.30.

10) What would you like to drink? – I ______ (have) an orange juice, please.

B. Read the theory material about the Future Indefinite and Conditionals.

The Future Indefinite is made with ‘will/shall’ and the base form of the meaningful verb (V1). The modern tendency is to use ‘will’ for all the persons. The Future Indefinite typical adjuncts are: tomorrow/soon/next week/month.

The Future simple is used to talk about:

1 Uncontrolled future events & predictions: I’ll be 20 next year.

2 Predictions based on visible evidence: The sky is dark. It’s going to snow.

3 Requests, promises, warnings, hopes & offers: Will you lend me 100$?

4 Instant actions at the time of speaking: It’s noisy, I’ll close the door.

5 Arranged actions: I’m meeting Kate at the airport tomorrow.

6 Timetables and programmes: My train leaves at 11.30.

When we make distant predictions, we usually use ‘will’: She will pass her exam easily. Note that we use the Present Simple with ‘hope’: I hope Kate passes the exam. We also prefer the Present Simple (Conditional 0 (zero) for fixed, unchangeable events which happen as a part of the normal course of events, timetables: School starts on the 1-st of September.

We use ‘be going to’ to make a subjective prediction based on some present evidence: If we go on like this, we are going to lose all our money. Many people avoid ‘be going + to go’: I’m going (to go)* shopping this afternoon.

There are three moods in English: Declarative (also called Indicative) showing that the verb expresses the fact, Imperative used for commands and Subjunctive used to express non-facts: unreal or hypothetical actions or states. There are tree conditionals in English and Zero Conditional which states general truth or describes a common occurrence: When a boy loves a girl, they marry.

The First Conditional describes probable situations: If he asks me, I will marry him. In the First Conditional the verb in the main clause is ‘will/shall’ and the verb in the conditional clause is in the Simple Present tense. Typical conditional adjuncts are: when, if, before, after, as soon as, unless, until. The Second Conditional describes improbable imaginary situation: If he loved me, we would marry. There’s also the Third conditional describing completely hypothetical situation: If he had loved me, we would have married in 1989.

Great care should be taken to distinguish between the First Conditional and object clauses (answering the question ‘What?’) also introduced by conjunctions ‘when’ and ‘if’ – in the case of object clauses future tense can be used: I don’t know when I will come again; Ask him if he’ll do it at all. Contrary to the general rule of Real Conditional clauses we can use ‘if + will’ to talk about a result of something in the main clause: Open the window if it will help you to sleep. In real conditionals we can use ‘if + will’ when we want to show that we disapprove of something: I’m tired. – If you will go to bed so late, I’m not surprised.

C. Answer the questions:

1) How do we form the Future Indefinite? Give examples.

2) In what cases the Future Indefinite is used? Give example sentences.

3) Can we use the Future Indefinite with the verb ‘hope’?

4) What tense do we use for fixed, unchangeable events?

5) What expression do we use to make a prediction based on visible evidence?

6) How many moods are there in English? Give examples.

7) There are four types of conditionals in English, isn’t there?

8) What situations are described with the First Conditional? Give examples.

9) The tense of the conditional clause in the First Conditional is always present, isn’t it? Prove your point with examples.

10) Describe the main difference between object and conditional clauses.


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