I.Read the text and translate it into Russian in writing.
What Is the Difference Between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist?
The work of psychologists and psychiatrists has much in common. Both psychologists and psychiatrists can provide psychotherapy and counseling services. Both psychologists and psychiatrists are trained to diagnose neuropsychological disorders and dysfunctions plus psychotic, neurotic and personality disorders and dysfunctions. Both professionals are granted the right to make such diagnoses by law while other doctors cannot. Both psychologists and psychiatrists help people maintain and enhance their physical, intellectual, emotional, social and interpersonal functioning.
However, there are some important differences in training and special skills. Psychiatrists, as medical doctors, can prescribe medications for psychological distress. Psychologists do not prescribe medications, instead focusing their treatment on psychotherapy. In addition, psychologists are the only mental health professionals who are fully trained and qualified to use psychological tests.
The education of psychologists provides knowledge of psychological and emotional problems, personality, and human development, integrated with specialized training in how to apply this knowledge to helping people with emotional distress and other problems in living. The psychologist's training in research allows them to evaluate the best ways to help people and to make decisions on what helps and what doesn't help different people with various situations.
Psychologists also specialize in psychological testing. Psychological tests are used in situations where there are questions about what a person's particular problem is. Psychologists also use psychological tests in legal cases or any time there is uncertainty about what is troubling an individual Psychological tests can include assessments of personality styles, tests of emotional well-being, intellectual (or "IQ") tests, tests of academic achievement and tests for possible brain damage.
II. Put five questions to the text in writing
III. Choose the correct variant of the modal verb
1. He did not go to the party because he … study.
a) must b) could c)had to
2.Nick is strong. He … lift this box.
a) may b) can b) must
3. You … not argue with the boss.
a) must b( may c) ca
4. … he be ii?
a) can b) may c) should
5. It … rain tomorrow.
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a) must b) may c) should
IY. Open the brackets and use the verb in the appropriate form of the
Passive Voice
1. The letter just (typed).
2 .English (speak) by many people.
3. All the book (return) to the library by tomorrow.
4.He (interview) by the police at 5 o’clock yesterday.
5. When our order (deliver)?
Y. Open the brackets and give the comparative or the superlative degree
Of the adjective
1. A bus is (fast) than a tram.
2. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer.
3.Which is (beautiful) place in this part of the country?
4. This good-looking girl is (good) student in our group.
5.The weather today is (bad) than yesterday.
YI. Choose the correct variant of the verb in the Active Voice
1. Every day the boss (enter) the office at 8 o’clock.
a) entered b) had entered c) enters
2. At 6 o’clock yesterday we (listen) to a very interesting lecture..
a) listened b) have listened c) were listening
3. He (translate) the text since morning.
a) had been translating b) has translated c) has been translating
4. She just (go) out.
a) has gone b) has gone c)went
5. When I came to the station the train already (leave)
a) has left b) had left c) left
The English Language
Test
Variant VI
I. Read the text and translate it into Russian in writing.
P sychology and Other Sciences
Behaviour is determined by a complex of factors that are partly biological, partly anthropological, partly sociological, and partly psychological. Therefore, psychology is closely related to both the biological and the social sciences. This is recognized by the large majority of modern psychologists. At the same time it should be emphasized that each area of science has its own subject-matter.
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Biology— the science of life — is the study of how all living organisms grow,reproduce their kind, and carry on other life processes. The biological sciences most closely related to psychology are physiology,the study of the functioning of living organisms and their parts; neurology,the specialized scientific study of the brain and nervous system and their diseases; and embryology,the study of the growth and development prior to birth.Anthropologyis the study of the physical evolution of mankind, the origins of social groups, and the development of civilization. Its examination of various cultures — especially the so-called primitive ones — has provided psychology with much significant data for understanding the influence of cultural factors on human behaviour patterns. Sociology studies the laws underlying the development and functioning of groups of all kinds — social, political, economic, religious. Both informal and formal institutions are studied, with emphasis on the observable characteristics of the groups' structure and functioning rather than the individual motives or experience of the members. Sociology has helped psychology to understand not only group behaviour but also the social influences upon the behaviour of individuals.
Psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists have found that they can contribute very significantly to each other's efforts. As a result there has developed a new discipline known as behavioural science,with emphasis on the problem of developing valid generalizations about human behaviour in group situations.
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