Answer the following questions.
1. What are pathogens?
2. How can infectious diseases be grouped?
3. What organisms are called bacteria?
4. What diseases are caused by viruses?
5. What do you know about AIDS?
6. How do fungi, protozoans, and worms obtain food?
7. How do infectious diseases spread?
8. What conditions are called an epidemic, a pandemic, an endemic?
V. Speaking.
Complete the dialogue with the words/phrases below and act it out.
kilos, food, in general, phlegm, energy, pains
Doctor: And how long have you had this temperature?
Patient: Oh, I don't know exactly. About two weeks on and off.
D.: And is the temperature there all the time or does it come on at any particular time?
P.: Well, sometimes I'm all right during the day but, I wake up at night and I'm drenched in
sweat, drenched, and sometimes my whole body shakes.
D.: And how have you been feeling_____ ?
P.: Well, I don't know, I've been feeling a bit tired and weak. And I just don't seem to have any . D.: And have you noticed any pain in your muscles?
P.: Yes, well, actually I have a bit, yes.
D.: And what about yotir weight? Have you lost any weight?
P.: Yes, I have, about two________ .
D.: I see, and what about your appetite? What's your appetite been like?
P.: Well, I've really been off my______ this last while. I just haven't felt like eating.
D.: And have you had a cough at all?
P.: Oh yes, I have. Nearly all the time. I sometimes bring up a lot of
D.: And have you noticed any blood in it ?
P.: No, never.
D.: Have you had any_______ in your chest?
P.: Not really.
2. Give as much information as you can about:
- bacterial diseases;
- viral diseases;
- AIDS;
- infectious diseases caused by fungi, protozoans and worms;
- the spread of infectious diseases.
3. Match definitions with words.
| a) Diet | __ to sound harsh because of a store throat |
| b) Complication | __the food that you eat and drink regularly |
| c) Painful | __ a particular situation |
| d) A case | a new problem or an illness that makes treatment of a previous one more difficult |
| e) Hoarse | __ causing you discomfort that hurts |
VI. Read and translate the text.
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia begins suddenly. In most cases temperature rises quickly. The pulse rate and breathing are fast. Cough begins early and, at first, is dry and painful. The patient feels ill, has a flushed face and a dry tongue.
In severe cases there may be delirium. A patient with delirium is very restless and the nurse must pay special attention to them.
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Patients with pneumonia need rest and sleep. The best position for a patient is semisitting. Fresh air is very important. These patients need a lot of liquid and a light diet.
INFLUENZA
Influenza is a very infectious disease. The disease can be mild or severe. The symptoms of influenza are: high temperature, headache and general pain. In most cases, the patient must stay in bed, be warm and drink a lot of water. The patient must stay in bed until the temperature ia normal. The next two or three days he may be up for only short periods of time. After being infected with influenza patients feel weak and often depressed.
As influenza is very infectious you must remember:
— Never shake hands when you have a cold. Colds are communicated by contact. But don't say: "1 cannot shake hands. 1 have a cold." You should be very polite. Colds are communicated by bodily contact. Be careful when shaking hands because you can communicate your cold. You can say "Sorry, I don't want to pass you my cold but it is nice to see you". You should wash your hands after shaking hands with many people or people who have colds to prevent yourself from getting sick.
HOW YOUR BODY DEFENDS AGAINST DISEASE AGENTS
Disease agents are always around you. Most of time you do not become ill. This is because your body defends against disease agents. Here are some ways.
• Your skin helps keep many agents out of your body.
• When a cut bleeds, agents are washed away from the cut.
• If it is windy, dust that contains agents may get into your eyes. You blink to keep the dust out. Tears also help wash dust out of your eyes.
• You may breathe dust that contains agents. Tiny hairs inside your nose stop the dust from getting further into your body. The dust may cause you to sneeze.
• Juices like saliva and stomach juice kill agents when they enter your body.
• If agents enter your body, white blood cells surround and destroy them.
VII. Language development.
1. Comprehension. Are the sentences true or false? Correct false statements.
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1. Pneumonia begins suddenly.
2. Patients with pneumonia have shallow pulse.
3. Coughing is usually bad in case of pneumonia.
4. In most cases delirium is observed.
5. Fresh air is needed for patients with pneumonia.
6. Influenza can be mild as well as severe.
7. The patient must be warm and drink hot drinks.
8. During influenza a person feels depressed
9. Colds are communicated by movements.
10. The patient can tell people about his/her illness.
2. Answer the questions.
1. Does the temperature of patients with pneumonia rise? How?
2. What kind of drug do patients with pneumonia take?
3. How does the patient feel when having pneumonia?
4. What do patients with pneumonia need to become healthy?
5. What is the best position for the patients?
6. Can a patient with pneumonia eat all food?
7. What symptoms of influenza do you know?
8. How long must a patient stay in bed?
9. How does the patient feel after influenza?
VIII. Speaking.
1.Read all the symptoms below. Group them to different diseases.
Symptoms:
Diseases:
Cold Chicken-pox Measles
Fever Pneumonia
Influenza Scarlet fever
ANGRY, SAD, HAPPY? BLAME THE WEATHER
Sunshine makes you more sociable, humidity brings on depression, says an expert who tells how climate affects health and moods.
We know that the weather has an effect on certain diseases such as arthritis and heart disorders. Weather is also associated with emotional problems and disturbed behaviour.
Temperature is the most important factor. More psychiatric emergencies and admissions to mental hospitals are noticed during summer. Part of this is because the days are longer in summer and people stay out later. We have found that heat is a most important factor in the increase of emotional problems.
Humidity has much effect on individuals too. More people who are diagnosed as depressed are admitted to mental hospitals on humid days.
Changes in atmospheric pressure play a role in a number of health problems. Barometric pressure tends to have more effect on joints. Lower barometric pressure has been linked with anxiety and restlessness. When the barometric pressure goes up sharply, people have more arthritic symptoms. This is true to a lesser degree when the barometric pressure falls. Extreme temperatures, especially very cold weather, put added strain on the cardiovascular system. Death rates from heart attacks are much higher during the winter months than at any other time. When the temperature is very low, blood rushes away from the skin to the interior, of the body. The heart has to pump harder to keep the body warm. In warm weather, some weather conditions make a person much more susceptible to communicable diseases as malaria. Colds and respiratory illnesses are more. Common in winter because low temperatures weaken the body's resistance to disease.
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Interestingly, a recent study from a sleep-research laboratory found that people are sleepier when the barometric pressure is either well above or below normal — but no one knows why.
Translate english into Ukrainian.
1. Sunshine makes you more sociable.
2. Climate and temperature are the most important factors.
3. The days are shorter in winter.
4. More people are admitted to hospitals on winter days.
5. Atmospheric pressure plays a most important role in patients with heart diseases.
6. What affects health most of all?
7. People have more health problems when the atmospheric pressure goes up sharply.
8. The lower the temperature, the more common colds.
9. Ice is lighter than water, water is heavier than ice.
10. The weaker the organism, the more susceptible it is to diseases.
11. The longer the days, the later people stay out (doors).
12. In the past the weather was much warmer and drier than it is now.
13. Some scientists think that the sun gave less heat, others that it gave more.
II. Answer the questiones.
1. What is the more important factor?
2. Why more psychiatric emergencies and admissions to mental hospitals are noticed during summer?
3. What factor is play role in a number of health problems?
4. Why Death rates from heart attacks are much higher during the winter?
5. What was a recent study found from a sleep-research laboratory?
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In hospital.
У лікарні
I. Active vocabulary
Ill – хворий;
headache - головний біль;
(to) examine – оглядати;
Pneumonia - запалення легенів;
investigation – обстеження;
to cure – лікувати;
hospital – лікарня;
injection – укол;
gargle – полоскання;
note – направлення;
X-ray - рентгенівське випромінювання;
chemist's – аптека;
instructions – порада;
influenza – грип;
couch – кушетка;
medicine – ліки;
(to) recover/to be on the mend – одужувати;
improvement – поліпшення;
ambulance - карета швидкої допомоги;
(to) treat – лікувати;
treatment – лікування;
operation – операція;
tonsillitis – тонзиліт;
tuberculosis – туберкульоз;
cancer – рак;
indigestion - нетравлення шлунку;
ulcer – виразка;
stroke - раптовий приступ; удар;
burn - обмін речовин;
bruise - гематома, синець;
physician – лікар;
therapeutist – терапевт;
pediatrician – педіатр;
surgeon – хірург;
psychiatrist – психіатр;
gynaecologist – гінеколог;
oculist - окуліст, офтальмолог;
otolaryngologist – отоларинголог;
nurse – медсестра;
(to) extract (pull out, take out) – виривати;
(to) complain – скаржитися;
pills – пілюлі;
drops – краплі;
tablets - таблетки.
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