II. Read and say what disease it is.
l. One major form of cardiovascular disease is.... It is a medical term for clotted arteries. Over a period of time, an artery may be narrowed because of a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. Plaque causes the once-smooth lining of an artery to become thick and rough. The opening to the artery narrows and its elasticity is reduced. The artery cannot expand and contract as it should. As a result, blood flow is affected. The heart must pump harder to force blood through the artery. Thus, blood pressure is increased. If too much plaque builds up in a blood vessel, it forms a thrombus, or a clot, that shuts off the flow of blood.
2. 1t is a chronic high blood pressure. It affects more than one in five adults in the world. What is most alarming about it is that over 25 percent of its victims are unaware of their problem. They do not know they need treatment that would relieve the condition.
It creates several conditions that can severely damage the cardiovascular system. It can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood, thus weakening it. It can cause a speedier buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries. This increases the chances of clot formation. It may cause pressure severe enough to burst an artery wall. In many cases, the causes of this disease are not known.
3. This disease, especially when due to thrombosis, is sometimes preceded by a history of angina pectoris or primary hypertension. Many patients, however, have had no previous cardiovascular com plaints. It is sometimes completely or relatively asymptomatic.
The most characteristic complaint is severe substernal oppression, often described as squeezing, pressing or constricting. Dyspnea is a common accompaniment; the patient complains that the crushing pressure on his chest prevents him from breathing properly. Nausea, vomiting, hiccups and abdominal distension sometimes occur. Extreme weakness and fear of impending death are occasionally present. The blood pressure usually falls within a few hours after onset of the attack.
Medical examination
Медичний огляд
I. Active vocabulary
a hurt — потерпілий;
a check-up — обстеження;
weight — вага;
height — зріст;
to listen to heart and lungs — слухати серце, легені;
to X-ray — робити рентген;
faint — слабкий;
to feel dizzy — відчувати запаморочення;
ambulance — швидка допомога;
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reception ward — палата для прийняття хворого;
t о strip to the waist — роздягнутись до пояса;
t о take a deep breath — глибоко вдихнути;
t о hold one's breath — затамувати подих;
a murmur of one's heart — шум (у серці);
t о be running a high temperature — мати високу температуру;
what's troubling you? — Що вас турбує?
II. Replace the italicized parts of the sentences with equivalents from the text.
The patient feels really ill
It's very important to learn the reasons of their divorce.
If you are fit, you are happy.
Physical training is a rather important thing for being in shape.
She is over the moon when he pays attention to her.
The girl receives many greeting-cards during holidays.
III. Read the text and learn how doctors can help you.
AT THE DOCTOR'S
Being a real doctor is a very hard work. A doctor is a person who helps you to be healthy. When you are sick or hurt, a doctor helps you become well again. When you are not sick, a doctor helps you stay well. People go to school for many years to become doctors. After high school, they go to college. After college, they go to medical school. Many doctors go for special training after medical school. Some of these doctors learn how to treat children. Others learn how to treat the whole family. Some doctors study about one part of the body. They may learn to be a heart doctor or an ear doctor. What other kinds of doctors do you know?
Many families have their own family doctors. A family doctor can help if someone is sick or hurt. Parents should choose a family doctor very carefully. Members of the family should like the doctor. They should be able to talk freely with the doctor about their health problems. What else should parents think about when they choose a doctor?
VISITING A DOCTOR WHEN YOU ARE SICK
When you are sick, you go to a doctor. The doctor may ask many questions. How do you feel sick? How long have you felt this way? When do you feel worse? Where does it hurt?
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Then the doctor conducts your check-up. During a check-up, the doctor examines your body. The doctor tries to find out what is making you feel sick. After the checkup, the doctor talks about a treatment. The treatment is what you can do to become well again. The doctor may tell you to lie in bed. You may be given medicine. Your parents will help you do what the doctor says.
VISITING A DOCTOR WHEN YOU ARE NOT SICK
Sometimes you go to a doctor when you are not sick. You go to a doctor for a checkup. The doctor looks for changes in your body that show how much you have grown. The changes also show if you are healthy.
During a checkup the doctor learns much about your body. Your weight and height are checked and recorded. Your eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat are also checked. The doctor listens to your heart and lungs.
During a checkup, you have a chance to ask your doctor some questions. You may have questions about your body. You may want to know how to stay healthy. Before you see the doctor, write down your questions. Take them with you when you go for a checkup.
The doctor will ask you some questions. Your answers help the doctor learn more about you. Here are some questions:
- What food do you eat?
- What exercises do you do?
- How often do you exercise?
- How much sleep do you get each night?
- Do you like school?
- Are you happy?
You can tell the doctor about yourself. Your parents can also talk to the doctor about you. Then the doctor will know von better Knowing you better will make it easier for the doctor to help von stay healthy.
The doctor writes down all the facts about your checkup. Your records are kept in the office. These records help the doctor treat you when you are sick.
IV. Post-reading activities
A minute for a joke: A champion was told that he had a high temperature. "How high is it, Doctor?" he asked. "A hundred and one" said the doctor. "And what is the world record?" asked the champion.
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