A ) Look at these notices. Have you seen any like these?
| Course fees to be paid in advance |
| Tonight’s film: Pirates of the Caribbean entrance free |
| SILENCE Exam in progress |
| Extra pronunciation class 5 p.m. |
| P |
| NO FOOD here please |
B) Match the notices with the rules.
1. You have to pay before you start.
2. You don’t have to come if you don’t want.
3. You mustn’t eat in here.
4. You mustn’t talk near here.
5. You don’t have to pay to see this.
6. You can park here.
11. Complete the sentences with have to; don’t have to; or must.
1. We ______________ work tomorrow. It’s a holiday.
2. You ______________ touch those animals. They’re dangerous.
3. The concert is free. You __________ pay.
4. It’s late. I _____________ go now.
5. We ____________ take the bus to school. It’s too far to walk.
6. You ___________ leave the door open – the cats will come in.
7. You ___________ come if you don’t want to. I can go on my own.
8. In Britain you ____________ drive on the left.
9. You _____________ be very tall to play football.
12. Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could, or be able to.
1. Susan __________ play badminton.
2. She ____________ type when she started working for IBM Berlin.
3. She ____________ speak Italian.
4. She ____________ write computer programs since at least 1990.
5. She’d like __________ speak Russian.
6. She ____________ speak Spanish when she was with IBM London.
7. She ____________ drive a car very soon.
Circle the correct form. If both forms are possible, circle them both.
1. He can / is able to cook really well because he used to work in a restaurant.
2. To work for this airline company you must can / must be able to speak English fluently.
3. I’m really sorry I couldn’t / wasn’t able to come to your party last Saturday.
4. If it doesn’t rain, we can / we’ll be able to go to the mountains tomorrow.
5. I’ve been so busy I haven’t could / haven’t been able to call him yet.
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6. I used to can / used to be able to speak a bit of Russian but I’ve forgotten it now.
7. If we had a bit more money, we could / would be able to buy a better car.
8. I hate not can / not being able to tell my boss what I really think of him!
9. He could / was able to talk when he was only eighteen month old.
10. Can you / Will you be able to help me tomorrow?
11. I’ve never could / never been able to dance very well.
12 To live in the country you need to can / be able to drive.
14. Correct any mistakes in the phrases. Tick ( √ ) the correct sentences.
1. My mother is a nurse and she often should work on weekends. _______________
2. You should to have a rest. You look exhausted. ___________________________
3. In the future everyone will must speak English and Chinese. _________________
4. Do you have to wear a suit and tie at work? ______________________________
5. I must stay in bed yesterday as I didn’t feel well. __________________________
6. You don’t have to park here. It’s “no parking”. ____________________________
7. I didn’t have to get a taxi. Lina took me to the airport. ______________________
8. People mustn’t answer their mobiles when they are talking to someone. ________
What do you remember?
Choose the correct answer a, b, or c .
1. I ________ go to the party. I’m not sure.
a) might b) will c) may to
2. The petrol station ______ open today. It’s holiday.
a) may not be b) may not to be c) may to
3. I think you _______ go to the doctor.
a) would b) should to c) should
4. She ________ come home late.
a) not should b) shouldn’t c) shouldn’t to
5. I like Saturdays because I ________ work.
a) mustn’t b) don’t have to c) haven’t to
6. She can’t come to the cinema because she _________ to study.
a) must b) have c) has
7. You _________ be late for class tomorrow.
a) mustn’t b) mustn’t to c) don’t must
8. We ______ see the lake from our bedroom window.
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a) are able b) can с) might
9. I do not know when they will be here. They ______ arrive at any time.
a) could b) can c) must
10. He cannot come out with us this evening. He ______ to work.
a) could b) has c) might
11. You ______ worry about the party any more. I'll take care of it.
a) don't need to b) do need to c) needn't to
12. ______use the phone, please?
a) Must I b) Have I to c) May I
13. It is early spring now. Everybody ______ eat more fruits and vegetables.
a) should b) shall c) can
14. You have got plenty of time. You ______ hurry.
a) must not b) should not c) need not
15. According to the contract, the goods ______at the port at the end of the week.
a) will arrive b) are to arrive c) should arrive
16. We do not have much time. We ______ hurry.
a) should to b) have c) must
17. When we are in the library, we ______ not make any noise.
a) could b) can c) must
18. You ______ work hard at your English, if you want to know it.
a) may b) must c) should
19. Everyone ______ obey the law.
a) should b) may c) must
20. Michael ______ drive without headlights, it is forbidden.
a) mustn't b) have to c) shouldn't
| Reading |
Read the article and find the answers to these questions as quickly as you can.
1. Is information technology more or less important in education than before?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Where does the word “blog” come from?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What is a “blog”?
____________________________________________________________________
4. What are blogs used for at universities?
____________________________________________________________________
5. What does “WIKI” mean?
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____________________________________________________________________
6. Who puts the information in this kind of website?
____________________________________________________________________
7. Why do students need to be careful if they use “Wikis” when they study?
____________________________________________________________________
8. What is Wikipedia?
____________________________________________________________________
The Internet and education
Until quire recently Silicon Valley and its innovations had little effect on teaching and learning. But with the rise of the Internet, information technology is now beginning to have much more influence on education. Two areas which are becoming more and more significant are “blogs” and ‘wikis”.
The word “blog” is short for “weblog”. A blog is an online diary or “log” of someone’s life, thoughts, or opinions. Anybody can create their own “blog” and blogging is becoming extremely popular – type “blog” into Google and you’ll get over 500 million results. For educational purposes, academic’s, teachers, and students create blogs as personal online study sites: places to work together and share information and ideas. Some universities even give their students and staff free space on a server to start their own blogs.
“Wikis” are websites where anyone can add content and make changes, so that the site becomes a group creation – “wiki” stands for “What I Know Is”. These sites can be a valuable source of information and opinion for students, though the information may not be totally accurate – some academics refuse to use them. Perhaps the best-known wiki is the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, which has more than one million entries in over 100 languages. Wikipedia is working hard to make sure that its information is completely accurate, so students will be able to use it with confidence, and there’s no doubt that it is an incredible resource.
Passive voice
В английском языке глаголы могут иметь два залога: действительный (the Active Voice) и страдательный (the passive Voice).
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Глаголы в действительном залоге показывают, что действие совершается подлежащим:
We translated the text. – Мы перевели текст.
Глаголы в страдательном залоге показывают, что подлежащее не является действующим лицом, но подвергается действию со стороны другого лица или предмета:
We were translated the text. – Нам перевели текст.
The text was translated yesterday. – Текст был переведен вчера.
Если есть необходимость назвать действующее лицо, то потребуется сочетание с предлогом - by, например:
This house was built by my grandfather. - Этот дом был построен моим дедом.
Страдательный залог образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be (в форме Simple, Continuous или Perfect) и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II = Vз) смыслового глагола:
| to be + PII (Vз) |
Таблица видо - временных форм глагола в страдательном залоге
| время | Simple | Continuous | Perfect |
| Present | am is asked are Меня ( часто ) спрашивают . | Am is being asked are Меня ( сейчас ) спрашивают . | have been asked has Меня уже спросили . |
| Past | was asked were Меня спросили (вчера). | was being asked were Меня спрашивали в тот момент. | had been asked Меня уже спросили (к моменту в прошлом). |
| Future | will be asked shall Меня спросят | ___ | will have been asked shall Меня уже спросят ( к моменту в будущем. |
| to be + V з | to be+ being +V з | to have + been +V з |
В страдательном залоге отсутствует форма Future Continuous и времена Perfect Continuous.
В английском языке страдательный залог употребляется гораздо шире, чем в русском. Так, предложению с прямым и косвенным дополнениями He gave me a book в страдательном залоге соответствуют два предложения:
The book was given to me. – Книга была отдана мне.
I was given a book. – Мне отдали книгу.
В страдательном залоге употребляются также глаголы с предложными дополнениями:
They were much talked about. – О них много говорили.
The doctor was sent for. – За доктором послали.
Способы перевода страдательного залога на русский язык:
1. Сочетанием глаголы «быть» с кратким причастием:
The letter was sent. – Письмо было отправлено.
2. Неопределенно – личным предложением:
The letter was sent. – Письмо отправили.
3. Глаголами на –ся:
The letter is being sent. – Письмо отправляется.
4. Глаголом действительного залога, если указан субъект действия:
The letter was sent by the secretary. – Письмо отправил секретарь.
Подлежащее предложения, стоящего в страдательном залоге, обычно переводится формами косвенных падежей, т.е. не именительным, а родительным, винительным, дательным, творительным, предложным:
1. He was asked to come in. – Его попросили прийти.
2. He was given an interesting book to read. – Ему дали почитать интересную книгу.
3. The film will be talked about. – О фильме будут говорить.
4. She was laughed at. – Над ней смеялись.
Сравните:
I take – Я отвожу – I am taken – Меня отводят
She told – Она сказала – She was told – Ей сказали
I read – Я читал – I was read – Мне читали
We ask – Мы спрашиваем – We are asked – Нас спрашивают
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