A landmark for the new millennium 1 страница



The world’s language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and __________________ terms would add millions more.   SCIENCE

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The wealth of existing synonyms means that __________________ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president. SPEAK

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In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for __________________ purposes, to be more expressive than others. PRACTICE

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The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. __________________, African languages have no native word for snow. NATURAL

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Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages. DEVELOP

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Some native words __________________, giving way to international terms. APPEAR

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The legends of ancient Greece tell us about the half man-half bull called the Minotaur. People were afraid of this strange and terrible beast __________________ in a deep, dark Labyrinth on the island of Crete. LIVE
 
     

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The Labyrinth __________________ by the cunning and ingenious mind of Daedalus. DESIGN

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Daedalus was a brilliant architect and inventor – in fact, he was so brilliant that King Minos of Crete __________________ to let him go back to his home in Athens. NOT WANT

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Instead, he __________________ him as a prisoner. KEEP

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Daedalus lived with his son Icarus in a tower of the palace, and King Minos made him invent weapons of war that would make his army and navy even __________________ than they already were. POWERFUL

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Although Daedalus and Icarus had every comfort that they __________________ ask for, the father longed to return home to Athens. Icarus hardly remembered his city, but he too wanted to leave, because he longed to run and play in the open, rather than be in a tower all day. CAN

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Daedalus looked out over the waves of the sea, and he realised that even if they managed to slip out of the tower and find a little boat, they would not be able to sail far. One of King Minos’s __________________ would spot and catch them very soon. SEAMAN

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Global Language
It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. __________________ say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count. SCIENCE

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In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages __________________ changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed. NATURAL

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Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms. DEVELOP

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Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that __________________ of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago. SPEAK

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If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically __________________, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German. APPEAR

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Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole __________________ of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects. VARY

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Mark’s Visit to Ravenscar

Mark and Fenella were the first to arrive at Ravenscar. Mark had not been to Ravenscar for a long time, but even so he had not forgotten the spectacular A22 ______ from the library windows. As he and Fenella were ushered into the room by Cecily Deravenel, he A23 ______ his bestnot to rush over to the windows to enjoy the view.

“It’s lovely to see you both,” Cecily was A24 ______, and then her facebroke into smiles. “Ah, here’s Bess, your greatest admirer, Fenella. And Nanny with the other children.”

A moment later Fenella and Cecily were surrounded by the youngsters, all clamoring for attention, and Mark tookthe opportunity to walk to the other end of the room. Mark always thought that A25 ______ up children was so boring.

Turning around Mark allowed his eyes to sweep the room for an admiring moment, taking inlong shelves of books, several memorable paintings, and the handsome antiques, made of dark, ripe woods. There were A26 ______ sofas and chairs arranged near the huge stone fireplace. A27 ______the warm weather, a log fire was blazing. It was a pleasure to be in such a nice room.

His eyes settledon Fenella, who was momentarily preoccupied with the youngsters, and he had to admit he had never seen such beautiful children in his life. They might have just stepped out of a portrait by one of the greatest artists of the eighteenth century, Thomas Gainsborough, George Romney, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Suddenly he A28 ______ he had had children.

 
  1) look
  2) gaze
  3) view
  4) stare

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  1) made
  2) held
  3) kept
  4) did

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  1) saying
  2) speaking
  3) telling
  4) talking

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  1) raising
  2) bringing
  3) rearing
  4) growing

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  1) comfortable
  2) relaxing
  3) convenient
  4) suitable

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  1) Although
  2) Unlike
  3) Instead
  4) Despite

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  1) wanted
  2) longed
  3) wished
  4) willed

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Vicky

Vicky Forth was an optimist, and she had been for all of her life; even when she was a child, her A22 ______ had been positive.

Her glass was always half full, never half empty; tomorrow would be a much better day than today; the future was full of promise and success. She A23 ______ her best to look at the bright side of things.

How right she had been to encourage her daughter to be optimistic, to set her sights on Oxford University. Women were not yet admitted to membership of the University, but they could A24 ______lectures, take courses, and sit for examinations. Grace Rose would be able to do all of these things, and would be well A25 ______ after by Vicky’s dear old friend Millicent, now widowed, who had a lovely new house in Oxford. It had been an inspired idea to write to her. Vicky was relieved and happy for her daughter, who was a wonderful student. She hoped to be a historian one day. Vicky always thought that A26 ______ up children was so exciting.

She remembered that her husband was waiting for her downstairs. After A27 ______ on her dress and stepping into matching rose-colored shoes, Vicky went back to her dressing-table and selected a pair of diamond earrings and a matching brooch made of silver. She looked at herself in the large looking glass in one corner of the room. Vicky A28 ______ she liked her appearance.

 
  1) approach
  2) position
  3) attitude
  4) viewpoint

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  1) made
  2) did
  3) kept
  4) held

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  1) visit
  2) attend
  3) observe
  4) present

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  1) watched
  2) seen
  3) viewed
  4) looked

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  1) bringing
  2) rearing
  3) growing
  4) raising

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  1) wearing
  2) trying
  3) holding
  4) putting

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  1) determined
  2) chose
  3) decided
  4) resolved

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A phone call Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called _______HE___________. A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and _______COME_______ home late in the evening. The ______BAD_________ moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee’s office to apologize for my call. _______LATE________, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn't missed the exam. New Seven Wonders of the World: Machu Picchu Machu Picchu, often called "The Lost City of the Incas", is probably the most famous symbol of the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is situated 7,875 _______FOOT________ above sea level in Peru. Machu Picchu _______BUILD_______ around the year 1460 by the Inca as a secret ceremonial city, very well hidden and protected. The ruins of Machu Picchu were rediscovered in 1911 by an American archaeologist. Since then, Machu Picchu _______BECOME________ an important tourist attraction. Thousands of visitors come here every year to admire its wonders.

 

 

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Chicago from above Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gained _____POPULAR_____ with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city. Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff will _____CERTAIN_______ tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname. For those who feel ______COMFORT______ about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours. These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and ______REMARK______ history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German. History Wall is another popular ______ATTRACT_______. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city. As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalk _______COUNT_______ times and still I can't help admiring it.

 


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