Answer and explanation for question 42.
Question 43.
The author of Passage 1 indicates that space mining could have which positive effect?
A. It could yield materials important to Earth’s economy.
B. It could raise the value of some precious metals on Earth.
C. It could create unanticipated technological innovations.
D. It could change scientists’ understanding of space resources.
Answer and explanation for question 43.
Question 44.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to question 43?
A. “Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum.”
B. “They also hope to build an off‑planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space‑based projects.”
C. “In this scenario, water mined from other worlds could become the most desired commodity.”
D. “Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3 D printers to make spare parts or machinery.”
Answer and explanation for question 44.
Question 45.
As used in sentence 1 of paragraph 4, “demands” most nearly means
A. offers.
B. claims.
C. inquiries.
D. desires.
Answer and explanation for question 45.
Question 46.
What function does the discussion of water in paragraph 6 serve in Passage 1?
A. It continues an extended comparison that begins in the previous paragraph.
B. It provides an unexpected answer to a question raised in the previous paragraph.
C. It offers hypothetical examples supporting a claim made in the previous paragraph.
D. It examines possible outcomes of a proposal put forth in the previous paragraph.
Answer and explanation for question 46.
Question 47.
The central claim of Passage 2 is that space mining has positive potential but
A. it will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless treatment of the environment.
B. its effects should be thoughtfully considered before it becomes a reality.
C. such potential may not include replenishing key resources that are disappearing on Earth.
D. experts disagree about the commercial viability of the discoveries it could yield.
Answer and explanation for question 47.
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Question 48.
As used in sentence 1, paragraph 4 of passage 2, “hold” most nearly means
A. maintain.
B. grip.
C. restrain.
D. withstand.
Answer and explanation for question 48.
Question 49.
Which statement best describes the relationship between the passages?
A. Passage 2 refutes the central claim advanced in Passage 1.
B. Passage 2 illustrates the phenomenon described in more general terms in Passage 1.
C. Passage 2 argues against the practicality of the proposals put forth in Passage 1.
D. Passage 2 expresses reservations about developments discussed in Passage 1.
Answer and explanation for question 49.
Question 50.
The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the discussion of the future of space mining in paragraph 4 of Passage 1, by claiming that such a future
A. is inconsistent with the sustainable use of space resources.
B. will be difficult to bring about in the absence of regulations.
C. cannot be attained without technologies that do not yet exist.
D. seems certain to affect Earth’s economy in a negative way.
Answer and explanation for question 50.
Question 51.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to question 50?
A. “Some will argue that space’s “magnificent desolation” is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet’s poles should remain pristine.”
B. “The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth.”
C. “One speaker at last week’s space‑mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided.”
D. “Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure.”
Answer and explanation for question 51.
Question 52.
Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2?
A. They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.
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B. They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.
C. They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.
D. They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.
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