Ишемическая (коронарная) болезнь сердца
Ишемическая (коронарная) болезнь сердца является одной из наиболее распространенных терапевтических проблем. Ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС) — хроническое заболевание, обусловленное недостаточностью кровоснабжения сердечной мышцы или, иначе говоря, её ишемий. В подавляющем большинстве случаев, ИБС является следствием атеросклероза артерий сердца, то есть сужения их просвета за счёт, так называемых, атеросклеротических бляшек, образующихся при атеросклерозе на внутренних стенках артерий.
Существует несколько форм ишемической болезни сердца:
инфаркт миокарда - самой тяжелой и распространенной острой форме ишемической болезни сердца; атеросклеротический кардиосклероз; хроническая аневризма сердца; стенокардия.
Массовые исследования, проведенные как в нашей стране, так и за рубежом, позволили выявить значение так называемых 1 факторов риска, которые способствуют возникновению и прогрессированию ишемической болезни сердца. К этим факторам относятся:
возраст; наследственная предрасположенность; малоподвижный образ жизни; переедание; избыточный вес тела; высокое содержание липидов в крови; повышенное артериальное давление; нарушения углеводного обмена, частности, сахарный диабет. Важную роль при этом играет диета, которая должна основываться на следующих принципах: ограничение общего количества калорийности пищи; значительное ограничение жиров животного происхождения и легкоусвояемых углеводов; исключение алкогольных напитков; обогащение пищевого рациона растительными маслами и витаминами С и группы В. Ишемическая болезнь сердца - важнейшая проблема современного здравоохранения.
|
|
|
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
Text 1
The Modern Day Car: A Sophisticated High Tech Gadget
Little did Mr. Ford know that the little black buggy he was making back in the early 90’s would a 100 years later be as sophisticated as the cars of today. Modern day cars are extremely complicated and high tech with some having the computing power greater than the first space shuttle which carried Neil Armstrong to the Moon! Cars today incorporate the latest in silicon technology and it’s the advent of Information Technology which has really given the automobile industry a giant technological leap. As computer chips become cheaper car manufacturers find new ways of integrating them into various functions of the car. Some of the primary technological advancements which have been made in car technology over the past few years are: onboard chips in MPFI cars for controlling fuel supply and combustion, safety technologies like airbags, antilock brakes and seat belt pre tensioners, high tech CVT transmissions, navigation through GPS systems, radar gun scanners, keyless entry and theft protection systems and many more.
Some of the most recent technologies which have been introduced include Mercedes active safety technology which senses when the car is about to have a crash and automatically rolls up the windows tightens the seat belts and inflates the seat cushions to protect the occupants. Then there are automatic headlights which turn on themselves when it gets dark and wipers which turn on automatically when it starts to rain. The list just goes on with seat back massagers, TV and DVD entertainment systems, incar refrigerators, telephones, laptops, sunroofs, heated seats and much more. There are more gadgets in a car today than there were in a house in the 70’s. Even drivability and handling of a car is controlled by computers, many cars have active air suspensions, traction control systems and active four wheel drive systems.
|
|
|
So when we buy a car today is it just a mode of transport which we are buying? Not really, it’s a mobile relaxation spa for some, a mobile office for others or simply a lifestyle accessory for the rich. One thing is clear, technology is never constant and will continue to amaze us with faster and more advanced cars in the future.
Text 2
The 21st Century Automobile
Want state-of-the-art safety gear? Top-notch performance? The latest electronic gizmos? Here's what auto makers are offering up:
1. Sensors. Sensors will light up an icon on the instrument panel or sound a warning drone when drivers are veering out of their lane or are heading toward a possible accident.
2. Horsepower. Even though fuel economy is hot, the horsepower war rages on. Americans still love to punch the gas pedal, and many newer cars are both responsive and efficient.
3. Air Quality. Germophobes will love new plasma-based technologies that release charged ions to filter out mold and bacteria. The result: cleaner air inside than out.
4. Diagnostics. Carmakers like GM and BMW offer systems than can run self-diagnostic tests on cars, telling owners when the brakes, engine, or air bags need to be fixed.
5. Sound System. Soon you'll be able to plug in your iPod or a memory card loaded with your favorite tunes and toggle from track to track using controls located right on the steering wheel.
6. Fuel Economy. Hybrid-electric vehicles, transmissions with up to eight gears, and high-tech gasoline engines are slowly but surely delivering the fuel economy gains that were promised back in the '70s.
7. Navigation Systems. Navigation systems will tell you more than how to get there—soon they'll tell you how not to get there. They will know where the traffic jams and accidents are, and they'll eventually be able to tell you to slow down when coming up on a hairpin turn.
Text 3
Дата добавления: 2019-07-15; просмотров: 223; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!