John Golsworthy and his prose. The particularities of his literary style, the main ideas and themes.
Born on Aug. 14, 1867, in Coombe, Surrey, at the height of the Victorian era, John Galsworthy was educated at Harrow and New College, Oxford. He was admitted to the bar in 1890, and 8 years later, after his first novel Jocelyn appeared, he left law to continue writing. The Island Pharisees (1904) and The Man of Property (1906), which became the first novel in The Forsyte Saga, expanded his audience and his reputation. As his popularity increased, Galsworthy published other novels of the Forsyte series: Indian Summer of a Forsyte (1918), In Chancery (1920), Awakening (1920), and To Let (1921). In The Forsyte Saga late Victorian and Edwardian England's upper-middle-class society is portrayed, dissected, and criticized. Although The Man of Property and To Let are widely separated in time, the Saga's theme and structure form a unit wherein three generations of the large, clannish Forsyte family rise and decay on realistic and symbolic levels.
The Country House (1907), Fraternity (1909), The Patrician (1911), and The Dark Flower (1913) are not novels in the sequence, but they are related to it in place and time. Galsworthy wove social history into his novels: he reproduced the values, classes, hierarchy, stability, and smugness of the Edwardian era.
After World War I Galsworthy produced another, less successful, cycle of novels about the Forsyte family in post-war England. The White Monkey (1924), The Silver Spoon (1926), and Swan Song (1928) were collectively published in 1929 as A Modern Comedy. This series is less firm than The Forsyte Saga, its characterizations are weaker, and its architectural quality is disjunctive. It reflects Galsworthy's own uncertainty about the years after the war, which were marked by a revolution in values whose outcome was uncertain. After the second cycle was completed, Galsworthy published two more novels, Maid in Waiting (1931) and Flowering Wilderness (1932).
Although Galsworthy is best known for his novels, he was also a successful playwright. He constructed his drama on a legalistic basis, and the plays typically start from a social or ethical impulse and reach a resolution after different viewpoints have been expressed. Like The Silver Box (1906) and Strife (1909), Justice (1910) is realistic, particularly in the use of dialogue that is direct and uninflated. Part of the realism is an awareness of detail and the minute symbol. That awareness is clear in the intricate symbols of The Forsyte Saga; it is less successful in the drama and his later novels because it tends to be overstated.
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In Justice Galsworthy revealed himself as something of a propagandist or, according to Joseph Conrad, "a moralist." Galsworthy selected detail and character to isolate a belief or a judgment; he said, "Selection, conscious or unconscious, is the secret of art." The protagonists in his drama and his prose fiction generally typify particular viewpoints or beliefs. Explaining his method of characterization, he wrote, "In the greatest fiction the characters, or some of them, should sum up and symbolize whole streaks of human nature in a way that our friends, however well known to us, do not…. Within their belts are cinctured not only individuals but sections of mankind." He also stated that his aim was to create a fictional world that was richer than life itself.
John Galsworthy was awarded the Order of Merit in 1929 and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1932. He died at Hampstead on Jan. 31, 1933.
Virginia Woolf and her prose. The particularities of her literary style, the main ideas and themes.
Virginia Woolf was one of the most distinctive writers of the English Literature using the stream of consciousness technique masterfully. The stream of consciousness technique is one of the most challenging narrative techniques in writing.
Virginia Woolf came to life in the Victorian era in 1882. She was born Adeline Virginia Stephen in London in 1882.
A magnificent master of fiction, critic and literary theorist, Woolf was a bold experimenter who contributed to updating the novel, revealing new opportunities and prospects for the development of the genre. Creativity Woolf is associated with the literature of English modernism, its aesthetic quest, artistic discoveries. Her name stands next to the names of Joyce, Eliot, Lawrence - a new generation of writers who came to literature on the eve and during the First World War to replace those who began their journey in art in the Victorian era - Wells, Galsworthy, Bennet. The modernists, and among them Virginia Woolf, looked for and found new ways of artistic visualization to convey the changes in life, in people, in the very characteristics of their world perception that occurred in the war-shaken modern world. Traditional ideas about art, about the nature of his connections with reality, were replaced by new ones.
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Three periods stand out clearly in the work of Woolf. In the first (until 1922), the novels Traveling Outside (1915), Night and Day (1919) were written, the program article Modern Artistic Prose (1919), short stories compiled in Weekly and Chegberg (1921). and the novel "Jacob's Room" (1922), largely shaped by the result of the writer's artistic quest during these years and opening up the prospects for its further evolution. The second period refers to the mid-20s and includes a very important article for understanding the creative laboratory of Wolf, “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown” (1924), as well as the novels “Mrs. Delloway” (1925) and “At the Beacon” (1927), recognized peaks of her artistic achievements.
The third period (1928-1941) is the time of the creation of the novels Orlando (1928), Waves (1931), Years (1937) and Between Acts (1941). During these years, “His Room” (publ. 1929) and the story “Flash” (publ. 1933) were written. The latter work should be more accurately called a biographical sketch written in parody style. Flat is a spaniel telling the story of her nineteenth-century Ajli poetess Elizabeth Barreg, who became the wife of the poet Robert Browning. The circumstances of the acquaintance, love and marriage of these two people are discussed in the story. From 1937 to 1940, Wolfe also worked on another biography - it was a work about Roger Frey ("Roger Fry")
Woolf wrote about the past, present and future of England in her latest novel, Between Acts, which was destined to be published after the writer's death. She began working on it in the spring of 1940, when the war already swept Europe, and German planes bombed London. One of the bombs destroyed the house of Woolf. In August 1940, she wrote the article "Thoughts on the world during an air raid." In it, she turned to the American Women's Symposium, calling for an end to tyranny and Hitlerism, which was defined as "the desire for aggression, the desire to dominate and enslave." She urged to join the struggle, to do everything possible to free the peoples from the threat of fascism. She strongly opposed war and fascism.
In the history of English literature of the 20th century, Woolf’s creativity is a bright, timeless phenomenon in its significance and artistic value. It contributed to the enrichment and renewal of the art of prose.
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