Answer the following questions.
A. What are the four major rights enjoyed by the accused? Are they the same in the USA and Russia?
B. When is a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury necessary?
C. What does the Bill of Rights prescribe with regard to the size of fines and bail?
D. If you were to write the Constitution of your country, would you include Amendment II in it?
E. Suppose a secret informer tells law-enforcement officers that you have committed a crime. You are arrested. You don’t know who the person is. Which Amendment protects your right to challenge the accusation?
F. You have been tried and found innocent. What right does the Fifth Amendment guarantee you?
G. If you were to write a constitution of an independent country, which of the ideas contained in the Bill of Rights you would include in it?
H. When a defendant says he/she is “taking the fifth”, what exactly does it mean?
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Сделайте доклад по теме : Criminal Law in the USA, Great Britain and Russia.
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Сделайте презентации по теме : Types of legal profession in Great Britain, the USA and the Russian Federation.
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Read the text. Why are there two levels of federal courts?
The Judicial System of the USA
Article II of the US Constitution says that “the judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in the supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time establish”. The Framers of the Constitution had written only a very general guideline and given the first Congress the task of organising a system of federal courts. Congress did this by passing a law known as the Judiciary Act of 1789. It established two levels of federal courts below the Supreme Court.
The first level included a federal district court in each state. These federal courts were responsible for the first hearing or trial of most cases involving the Constitution and federal laws. The second level was a system of appellate courts. These were courts where decisions made by federal district court in each state could be reviewed for errors of law. From these appellate courts, cases could be appealed to the Supreme Court, the highest court in the federal system. In addition, each state within the United States has established a system of courts, including a state supreme court, to deal with civil, criminal and appellate proceedings. They are organised in much the same way today as it was when the nation was founded. There are also county and city courts. Even many of the smallest villages, those in which only a few hundred people live, have a local judge, called a “justice of the peace”, who handles minor legal matters.
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There are separate military courts for members of the armed forces and other specialised courts to handle matters ranging from tax questions to immigration violations. With so much potential for conflict within a free society, it is no surprise that there are more than 542, 000 lawyers in the United States and hundreds of thousands of court workers.
Answer the following questions.
1) What are the federal courts responsible for?
2) What is the highest court in the federal system?
3) What matters are handled by justices of the peace?
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