Sipping of water and Karmayoga
Vyasa said, “After finishing food, drinking water, getting up from sleep, after taking bath, walking on the road, touching the lips without hair, after putting on the clothes, after going to stools or urinating etc., talking irrelevent things or after spitting, coughing, before starting Vedic studies, or exhaling the breath, after crossing the courtyard or the cremation ground and at the Sandhya on both times, a Brahmana should perform Acamana rite (sipping the water) at least once.
After talking to a Candala or a Mleccha, or after talking with a Sudra-woman, an undesirable person or touching food of such a person, the sipping must be done.
With the flowing of blood or the tears from the eyes, after performing of the Sandhya prayer at dawn or dusk, or after taking a bath or after going to stools, sipping should be done inspite of one’s having done so earlier. After sleep or for many other reasons, one should perform sipping or touch the fire, a cow or an auspicious thing.
After touching the body of a woman, after binding the knot of the waist-cloth, he should perform Acamana for purification and should touch the grass, water or the earth.
After touching one’s own hair, or by touching the unwashed cloth, the luke warm water without foam should be used for the purpose of Acamana silently. Thus, the people who are desirous of external purity, should alway sip the water facing the east or the north.
Covering the head and the neck with the waist-cloth, untying the tuft and the waist band, a person who performs sipping without the washing of his feet, remains impure despite Acamana. A person with wisdom should not resort to sipping wearing the shoes, standing in water, or wearing a turban.
Similarly a learned person should not perform sipping with the rain water. No sensible man should perform Acamana when the hand is defiled by Ucchista (leavings of food), or the water offered by a single hand, a person having no sacred thread, standing with the shoes on, spreading the arms beyond the thighs or the water supplied by a Vaisya or the Siidra, the Acamana should not be done. When the mind is not concentrated, the sipping should not be done.
The water which does not have the natural colour or the taste, and that which is in small quantity, besides having been polluted by touching with fingers, the sipping should not be done in such circumstances.
The water should not be agitated with the hands. It should not be perfonned outside the room. A Brahmana gets purified with sipped water reaching the heart, a Ksatriya is sanctified when the water reaches the throat. The Vaisya gets purified with the mere pouring of the water in the mouth. The women and the Sudras are purified with the mere touch of the water.
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The line at the root of the thumb is called Brahmatlrtha. The root of the index finger is believed to be the Pitr-tlrtha. From the base of the little finger to its back is known as Prajapatya-tirtha. The tip of that finger is called the Daiva-llrtha which is well known for the gods. Or otherwise at the base of the finger is the Daiva portion, while in the middle finger is remembered the Agneya-tlrtha.
The same is called Sauma-tlrtha as well. Realising this, a person never gets deluded. A Brahmana should always perform the Acamana rite through the Bmhmatlrtha.
He shall be pure if he performs the Acamana rite by means of the body belonging to the divinity. A Brahmana, should initially perform the sipping thrice.
He should touch the mouth with the folded thumb. Thereafter, he should touch the eyes with the thumb and ring-finger joined together.
With the combination of the tips of the thumb and the index finger, one should touch both the nostrils. Then joining together the tips of the thumb and the little finger, one should touch both the ears.
Both the arms should be touched with all the fingers, besides the heart should be touched with the palm. Then the navel and the head should be touched with all the fingers, It has been heard that with thrice sipping of the water, all the three gods, Brahma, Visnu and Shiva get pleased.
Both the Ganga and Yamuna are pleased with the washing of the face and with the wiping of the eyes, both the sun and the moon are pleased.
With the touching of the nostrils, Asvinl- kumaras are pleased. Similarly with the touching of the ears both the wind and the fire- gods are pleased.
With the touching of the heart, all the gods get pleased and by touching of the head, Purusa (Lord Visnu) is pleased.
While sipping the water, the drops of water falling over a person do not make it defiled. The particles of food stuck up between the teeth when touched, are considered impure, one becomes impure when teeth are touched with the tongue or the lips.
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If the drops of the water touch on the feet when one performs the Acamana rite, they are not defiled. They should be known as Bhumikas, i.e., existent in the earth.
With the consuming of the soma juice or madhuparka or chewing of betel, fruits and roots, or sucking the juice of sugarcane, no defect is found in the same according to Manu.
But by consuming enough of food and other cereals, in case the Brahmana becomes impure, then he should also perform acamana placing the things he is carrying over the ground. But those things should be purified by sprinkling water over it after performing Acamana.
Carrying something like a pot of a bright metal in the hand, if a Brahmana gets defiled, then placing that thing on the ground, he should first perform Acamana and then it should be taken up again.
In case one is defiled by taking something without chanting the Mantras, then one could get purified without placing that article over the ground and by performing just the Acamana. But there is an alternative in the cloth and for the purpose of purification, the cloth should be placed separately.
In the forest, in the place where no water is available, during the night, in the path infested by the thieves or the tigers etc., after easing oneself or by the discharging of the urine and faeces, the one who keeps things in his hands, he does not become impure. Placing the yajnopavita over the right ear, facing the north, one should ease himself or go to stools, during the day time. This process should be repeated during the night facing the southern direction. The ground should be covered with wooden pieces, leaves, pebbles, or the lumps of clay before passing urine and faeces. The head should be covered at that time.
The place under shade, the well, the cowpen, inside the temple, road, ashes, fire-alter or cremation ground should never be used for easing or toilet purposes. The road used by the cows, the irrigated land, under the huge tree, in a green grassy meadow or on the top of the mountains, one should not do such activity.
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While standing or removing the clothes, at the mountain top, in the dilapidated temple of the god and the pits and ditches where there are animals, should not be used for the discharging of the faeces.
One should not urinate or drop faeces in the pits filled with insects and worms, while walking, over the burning husk of grains, in the terracotta pots, over the kings way, in the clean region, in the holy place, at the crossings, in the garden, dryland, and the extremely auspicious places.
One should not do so, while wearing the shoes or the sandals, in the aerial chariot, in the space, or in the presence of the women, the cows or the Brahmanas.
One should not do so in front of the gods, temple, an idol, the river, looking at the stars and the constellations, against the force of the wind, or in front of the sun, moon and the fire.
In order to remove the stickiness or the odour, discarding laziness, one should perfonn the purificatory rite, with the clay collected from the banks of the river and with the clean water!
A Brahmana should never use the clay from a dusty or marshy place, dry land, or the soil defiled by Ucchista of some one else for the purpose of cleaning himself.
The clay, for the purpose of cleaning should not be collected from a temple, a well, a village or from the waterbed. After cleaning himself, one should perform Acamana rite as detailed earlier.
Chapter 14
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