Description of the Prominent Sargas
Kurma said, “Thus the moveable and immoveable creatures were created. But the created beings of wise Prajapati, did not increase.
Then Brahma overpowered with tamoguna, feeling painful, started grieving. Therefore he used his own intellect, which could be the course of success.
Thereafter he visualised Tamasa elements within himself as main caused controlling everything. Rajas and Sattva qualities also were present with their own functions enveloped by Tamas.
Then he discarded tamoguna and he was then united rajoguna with Sattva-guna. With the decline of tamas element, it appeared in the form of mithuna. О Brahmanas, she was the performer of violence following the path of adharma. Thereafter Brahma covered the shining body.
Again he divided his body into two parts. Half the part of the body was male, while the other half of the body was that of a female. The lord in the form of Purusa, produced Virat}
The female YoginI, known by the name of SatarQpa1 2 having all the noble symptoms was produced. She stood there illumining the earth and the sky with her lustre.
1. Brahma having divided his own substance into male and female, produced from the female the male power Viraj, who then produced the first Manu or Manu Svayambhuva, who then created the ten Prajapatis. Mn. i,32; The Bhagavata Purana states that the male half of Brahma was Manu, and the ether half Sata-rupa, and does not allude to the intervention of Viraj; other Puranas describe the union of Sata-rupa with Virat or Purusa in the first instance, and with Manu in the second; Viraj as a sort of secondary creator, is sometimes identified with Prajapati.
2. Name oTa daughter of Brahma (who is supposed to be alsehis wife from whose incestuous connection with Yier father is said to have sprung Manu Svayambhuva. Skt. Eng. Diet., V.S. Apte, p.546. Byt some Puranas make her the wife not mother of Manu, MW p. 1050.
The female was possessing all the riches and prowess, besides the knowledge and spiritual enlightenment. The virat-son who was bom of the unborn Purusa, subsequently came to be known as Svayambhuva Manu. The female named Satampa performed hard tapas and achieved the glorious Manu as her husband. Two sons v/ere bom to Satariipa from Manu.
Both of them were known as Priyavrata and Uttanapada. The best of two girls were also bom to her. Out of them, the girl named Prasuti, was given away to Daksa by Manu. Then Ruci the mind bom son of Prajapati, accepted the second daughter named Akuti. With the union of Ruci and Akuti, a mithuna with auspicious symbols was bom in the form of human creation. Both of them were known by the names of Yajna and Daksina and the entire universe developed out of them. By Yajna, Daksina gave birth to twelve sons. They all were Devas during the time of Svayambhava Manu and they came to be known by the name of Yama.
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Similarly Daksa-prajapati, produced twenty four daughters from PrasQti. You attentively listen to the names of the twenty four daughters bom to Prastiti- Sraddha (faith), Lakshmi (riches), Dhrti (firmness), Tuti (satisfaction), Puti (nourishment), Medha (recollection), Kriya (action), Buddhi (intelligence), Lajja (bashfulness), Vapu (body), Santi (peace) Siddhi (accomplishment), and Klrti (fame) was the thirteenth. These auspicious daughters of Daksa were accepted by Dharma as his wives.
The remaining eleven daughters had the beautiful eyes, and were known by the names of Khyati, Stiti, Sambhuti, Smrti, Prlti, Ksama, Santati, Anasuya, Uija, Svaha and Svadha.
The eleven Rishis possessing the best of wisdom known as Bhrgu, Bhava, Marici, Angira,1 Muni, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu- The extremely religious one, Atri, Vasistha, Vanhi and Pitrs, accepted Khyati and other girls as their wives. Kama was the son of Sraddha and Darpa was the son of Lakshmi.
Niyama was the son of Dhrti, while Santosa was the son of Tusti. Labha was the son of Push and Sanaa was the son of Medha.
1. Angiras, Author of the hymns of RV. ix, of a code of laws, and of a treatise on astronomy. He is considered as one of the seven Rsi,, of the first Manvantara, as a Prajapati, as a teacher of the Brahmavidya, which he had learnt from Satyavaha, a descendant of Bharadvaja, etc. Among his sons, the chief is Agni, others are Samvarta, Utathya, and Brhaspati; among his daughters are mentioned Sinivali, Kuhu, Raka, Anumati, and Akupara; but the Reas or Vedic hymns, the manes of Havishmat, and mankind itself are styled his offspring. In astronomy he is the planet Jupiter, and a star in Ursa Major.
Danda and Nay a were other sons of Kriya. Pramada and Bodha was the sons of Buddhi.
Vinaya was the son of Lajja, Vyavasaya (exertion) was the son of Vapu (body). Ksema (well-being) was the son of Santi (peace) and Siddha was the son of Siddhi.
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Yas'a (fame) was the son of Klrti. Thus all of them were the sons of Dharma. Harsa and Devananda were the sons of Kama, In this way, this is said to be the progeny of Dharma. Himsa (violence) produced the sons named Nikrti and Anrta (falsehood) from Adharma.
Nikrti (Wickedness) had two twins known as Bhaya and Naraka, Maya and Vedana. Both were twins of them.
Maya in union with Bhaya produced Mrtyu who happened to be the killer of all. Naraka in union with Vedana produced a son named Duhkha.
Mrtyu had the wife named Vyadhi, who gave birth to Jara (old age), Soka (grief), Trsna (thirst), and Krodha (fury). All of them had the symbols of adhariva (evilness) and resulted in grief.
They had neither wives nor the sons. All of them were JJrdhvaretas (or Brahma-car ins)} This Tamasika creation was produced as controller of Dharma. О Best of the sages, I have described the creation of the universe in brief.
Chapter 9
The Emergence of Brahma
Stita said, “Listening to these words, Narada and other MahaRishis, becoming doubtful, offered their salutation to the lord- the pronouncer of the boons and asked him.
The sages said, “O Janardana, you have spoken about the main Sarga. Now you kindly remove our doubt, because you are competent enough to do so. How could lord Shiva, the holder of the Pinaka-bow, though bom earlier than Brahma, become the son of Brahma whose birth was not manifest? How could Brahma, the lord of the universe, and also known as the grandsire, emerge out of the egg? You are the only person to speak on the subject.” the enormous lustre, to be the son of Brahma, and Brahma in turn to be bom of the lotus are mysterious. Still all of you should listen to me attentively.
At the end of the last kalpa, all the three lokas were filled with darkness. There was only terrible oceanic water. There were neither the gods, nor the sages.
There in that lonely and undisturbed place, the Supreme person lord Narayana, reclining over the serpent bed was sleeping in the waters of the troubleless ocean.
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He had a thousand heads, a thousand feet, a thousand eyes and a thousand arms. He is an omniscient form is adored by the ascetics, clad in the yellow garments and vast eyes. He had the complexion of the blue clouds. He was quite merciful on Yogins, the great yogic soul of Super human power and pride.
Once during his sleep, a spotless lotus of divine character emerged of its own accord from his navel which was quite astonishing and the essence of the three worlds.
The lotus was spread in an area of a thousand yojanas was quite fresh and had the lustre of the sun at noon. It has the divine fragrance, quite auspicious and endowed with the pericarp and saffron.
1. Who practises chastity.
In this way, when lord Visnu, the holder of the Sarnga bow, with sleeping there, lord Hiranyagarbha reached there.
The eternal soul of the universe then lifted up the eternal one, with his one hand. Then under the influence of his Maya, he spoke these sweet words.
“Who are you in this lonely ocean which is the terrific one, living in a solitary condition? О Best of the human, you kindly enlighten me.
Listening to the word of Brahma, the Garuda- bannered lord Visnu, smilingly spoke the words which were deep as the rumbling of a cloud.
“О Brahman, you know me to be imperishable, a great person Narayana, the great lord of Yogins, the source of the birth of all the creatures. You are the grand-sire of the universe. You better visualise in me the entire world which is surrounded\with the mountains and the seven oceans.”
Thus speaking, lord Hari, the soul of the universe, the great Yogin, asked Brahma, inspite of his being all knowledgeable, Who are you?
Then Brahma, the treasury of the Vedas, replied with a smile in sweet voice, to Vishnu, having the lustre of the lotus.
He said, “I am the creator and dispenser of destiny. I am self-bom and the great-grandsire. The entire universe is lodged in me. I happen to be Brahma having faces on all the sides. i Lord Visnu of true powerful one, hearing these words, with his permission, entered the body of Brahma.
Lord Visnu, finding all the gods, asuras the humans, and the three worlds in the abdomen of that deity, felt surprised, Thereafter the lord Visnu, who was reclining over the serpent bed, coming out of his body said to Brahma.
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“O best among the men, in this manner you also entere my womb today and witness the astonishing type of the universe.”
Then listening to the words which pleased the mind, and felicitating him, lord Kusadhvaja (Brahma), entered the belly of lord Visnu.
The truthful Brahma observed all the Lokas established inside the belly of Visnu. Then wandering everywhere there, he was unable to find the end of lord Hari.
Thereafter great-souled Janardana, closed all the exit points. Then Brahma found an exits through the navel. Then the four faced Brahma, on the strength of his yogic practices, got himself out in the form of a lotus.
At that point of time Brahma- born of lotus or self bom one. Looked graceful like the lustre of the inner lotus.
Then Brahma describing himself to be the soul of the universe, spoke in the words which were as deep as the sound of the clouds, to lord Visnu.
“What have you done with the intention of your victory? I alone am all powerful. There would be none else comparable with me.”
Listening to the words so spoken by Brahma, becoming alert, lord Narayana Hari, assuring him, spoke the sweet words, “You are Dhata (creator), Vidhata (protector), self born and the great grand-sire. I never closed the exit passages out of jealousy. I did so only sportingly. Who would have intention to obstruct you, the grandfather, lord of Devas.
О Brahman, there is no obstruction for you. You are always adorable for me. О Bestower of welfare in case I have done any harm to you, you kindly forgive me for the same.
О Brahman, because of the same reason, you shall be my son. О the image of the universe, in order to perform my pleasant task, you will be known by the name of Padmayoni.
Thereafter lord Brahma, bestowing a boon on Visnu, the holder of a crown on the head, feeling extremely delighted spoke to Visnu again.
You are the soul pervading in all the living beings and are beyond measure, greay lord, the soul of all the living beings and are the eternal Supreme Brahman.
I am the great lord, pervading all the living beings in the form of light. All the mobiles and immobiles are my own. I happen to be Brahman-the Supreme Person.
There is no other Supreme lord except the two of us. Narayana and the grand-sire, are of one and the same form.”
At these words of Brahma, Vasudeva, then spoke to Brahma. This resolve of yours, shall be for the destruction alone.
Do you not visualise by means of yoga, the indestructible lord Brahma? I am aware of Parames'vara, who happens to be the lord of Pradhana and Purusa. I know him as Supreme Spirit.
Lord Mahesvara who is invisible from the great Yogins and those well-versed in the Samkhya philosophy. You should take refuge with the Brahman who is beyond the birth and death.”
Listening to these words, enraged Brahma said to Kesava, having the eyes resembling the lotus flowers, “O Lord, I am surely aware of the indestructible Atman, the eternal one, who resembles the form of Brahman, the soul of the universe and enjoys the supreme position. There is no other lord of the universe, except the both of us.
Discarding the prolonged Yoga-nidra, you better peep into your soul.” Thus listening to his enraged words, the lord spoke at that time.
“О Bestower of welfare, don't speak the words of denouncement about the great soul, to me, О Brahman, Nothing is unknown to me and I do not speak the falsehood.
But О Brahma, the endless Maya of the lord, which is cause of all beings, emerges from Atman, that deludes all.”
Thus speaking, Visnu kept quiet. Visnu the lord of all the gods, had spoken those words after knowing well the supreme tattva, in his mind.
Thereafter, lord Shiva, the soul beyond measure, lord of the bhiitas, for bestowing welfare on Brahma, suddenly emerged from somewhere.
Lord Shiva had the metted locks of hair over his head, and a third eye over the forehead, he held a trident in his hand besides being the treasure of the lustre.
He was adorned with a long garland comprising of the sun, the moon, the constellations which fell upto the feet.
Linder the influence of Maya, Brahma- the grand sire of the universe, at the sight of Isanadeva, spoke to Visnu, who was clad in pitambara- the yellow lower costume.
He said, “O Janardana, who is this person of blue complexion, holder of the trident, having three eyes and possessing the enormous lustre?” Listening to these words Visnu, the destroyer of the demons, also spotted the illustrious Devesvara in the sky.
Realising about the Ishvara the form of Supreme being, Visnu got up and spoke to Brahma-the god of gods and said.
“He is the lord Mahadeva, who is self illumining ancient, beyond birth and death, unthinkable, and is the lord of all the lokas. He is Sambhu, Isana, the sou! of all, Paramesvara, lord of the bhutas, yogi, Mahesa, spotless and known as Shiva. He is Dhata, Vidhata, and indestructible. Only those ascetics who meditate upon him as Brahman, can perceive him. It is he, the great lord, becoming Kala creates the entire universe. He preserves the same and destroys it in due course of time. He is spotless, besides being the bestower of welfare.
He is the one who initially created Brahma, who is the ancient one, who bestowed Vedas on you, the same Shiva is arriving.
О Grandsire, he is also known by the other name of Vasudeva. Understand me to be only another form of his, the form that is eternal and the source of the universe.
Are you not aware of the indestructible Yoges'vara, the lord of Brahman? You can only visualise him with the divine eyes.”
Thereafter Brahma, the grandsire of the universe, receiving the divine sight from Visnu, realized that highest knowledge present before him.
Brahma- the grand-sire, after receiving the divine knowledge from Visnu, took refuge in lord Shiva.
Having been reminded of Othkara, he established himself with his own soul.
Thereafter folding his hands, he adored the lord reciting the mantras from Atharvasiras upanisad.
At the prayer so offered by Brahma, lord Parames'vara, was immensely pleased with him and then spoke to him with a serene smile on his face.
“O Son, you are like me. There is no doubt about it. You happen to be my devotee as well. Initially, I had created you, the eternal being, for the creation of the universe.
You are the soul, the first person (Adi Purusa), and bom out of my body. О Soul of the universe, I bestow a boon on you which should be received by you, which is quite an excellent one.”
The lotus-bom one, listening to the words of lord Shiva, the god of gods, looking at Visnu attentively, spoke to Lord Shiva.
О Bhagavan, О Lord of the past and future, О Mahadeva, О Lord of Ambika, I desire you as my son or a son like you.
О Mahadeva, I have been confused with your subtle Maya, О Shiva, I have not understood your ideas completely.
You are the god of the devotees, the mother, the brother, the father and the friend. 1 take refuge in you. I offer my salutation at your feet. Kindly be pleased with me.”
The bull-bannered Lord Shiva, listening to the words of Brahma, and looking at the son Janardana, thus spoke.
“О Son, I shall do whatever is desired by you. You will soon be bestowed with the divine knowledge concerning Ishvara.
You are established as the creator of all the beings. О Lord of the gods, О grand-sire of the universe, you establish your Maya in them.
This Narayana has also emerged out of me. He is the Supreme form of mine alone. Hari takes care of your sustenance and welfare.” Saying thus Lord Parames'vara, with great pleasure, touching Brahma with both the hands, spoke to Hari.
“I am always pleased with you and you happen to be my devotee. Therefore you receive the boon. In reality, there is none else in the world, except both of us.”
Then listening to the words of Mahadeva, lord Visnu, the soul of the universe, looking at his face delightfully spoke these words.
“The only praise-worthy boon for me would be that I should always remain looking at you. I should always remain devoted to you.”
Lord Shiva, “Be it so.” Then he again said to Visnu, “You are the performer of all the tasks, and I happen to be the established god.
Everything is enshrined in you and in me. There is no doubt it. In case you are the moon, then I am the sun. In case you are the night then I am the day.
In case you are invisible, Prakrti then I am the Purusa. In case you are the knowledge then I am the one who knows the knowledge. In case you are Maya then I am Ishvara.
Incase, you are power bom of knowledge, then I happen to be the master of that power. Incase I am the invisible god then you are lord Narayana.
The yogis well-versed in the Brahman, visualise everything without any differentiation. О Soul of the universe, the Yogins cannot achieve me without taking refuge in you. Therefore you preserve the entire universe comprising of the gods, asuras and humans.”
Thus speaking, Eternal lord Shiva, possessing the enormous prowess and free from birth, death and old age, retired to his one and only abode.
Chapter 10
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