Skeleton are connected together by the joints, joint experiments.
XIII. Выучите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на предлоги:
To consist of, in the side, on each side of, to be composed of, to take part in, in the adult, to be connected with.
XIV. Прочтите текст А. Найдите предложения в Presenf Indefinite Passive и переведите их. Озаглавьте 3-6- й абзацы текста .
Text A. The Skeleton
The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones.
The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts1. There are 26 bones in the skull.
The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.
The vertebra is a small bone, which is formed by the body and the arches. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. In the spinal column there are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx. The cervical part of the spine is formed by seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. They have oval bodies.
The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest seven ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either. They are not connected with other ribs, they are free. Each rib is composed of a head, neck and body.
The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle ( пояс ).
The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.
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Note:
1 consist of cranial and facial parts - состоят из мозгового и лицевого отделов
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
XV. Form and translate Past Participle of the following words:
Leave, feel, think, become, lose, complete, require, achieve.
XVI. Translate the following:
Врач, обследующий больного; больной, обследуемый в рентгеновском кабинете; студент, встречающий своих друзей; студент, встреченный своими друзьями; хрящ, соединяющий плечо и предплечье; хрящ, соединенный с плечевым суставом.
XVII. Translate these sentences:
The skeleton is composed of bones. 2. The spinal column is formed by the vertebrae. 3. The cervical part of the spine is composed of seven cervical vertebrae.
XVIII. Make these sentences interrogative:
The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.
The lectures in Physiology are attended by all the students. 3. On each side of the chest the breastbone is connected with seven ribs.
XIX. Put the verbs in Present Indefinite Passive:
Seven cervical vertebrae compose the cervical part of the spine. 2. Cranial and facial bones form the skull. 3. The pelvis connects the lower extremity with the trunk.
XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the word ʽif̓:
He wants to know if the skeleton is composed of over 200 bones. 2. My fellow-student asks me if each rib is composed of a head, neck and body. 3. I do not remember if the ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages or by ligaments.
XXI. Ask each other questions and answer them:
Ask your friend if...
Cartilages connect the joints; 2) the chest is composed of the breastbone and 24 ribs; 3) the man has two lower extremities; 4) the upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm, and hand; 5) the spinal column is composed of the vertebrae; 6) the skull is composed of facial and cranial parts.
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XXII. Translate into English:
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