Seminar 1. Specific features of the English grammatical structure in comparison with the
Introduction
Students who are taking this course, are expected to have gained the practical mastery of the elements of English grammar at the earlier stages of tuition.
So the aims of this course are:
1. To present a systematic study of the grammatical structure of Modern English in order to get a more profound insight into the subject. The course is aimed at forming a complete picture of all the knowledge in Grammar the students have acquired before.
2. To draw the students’ attention to the aspects of grammatical phenomena which were presented in the previous practical courses of English neither systematically nor to their full extent or were not mentioned at all due to lack of time or their complexity.
3. These tasks will be fulfilled with a special accent on the comparison analysis of various grammatical properties which are very important to be taken into account when doing a translation from English into Russian and vice versa.
It is a common knowledge that all the humanity live on the same planet which means that
· we all live in approximately identical temporal and territorial environments,
· we experience the same feelings and emotions,
· we have nearly the same attitudes and reactions to various realities of our life
It’s all because the processes of thinking of human beings are actually similar all over the world.
The differences lie only in the historically developed culture of each people’s society and the language they use for communication.
It is people’s ability to abstract thinking, to generalization of concrete manifestations of our life and various natural phenomena that have given rise to the appearance of a special code sign system which is called a language. So language is the means by which people can manifest results of their thinking processes though every nation does so in its own specific way. No wonder, that if you manage to master the sign code of a different nationality you are sure to be able to exchange and to share your thoughts with the people, whose language you have learned and you are certain to understand each other (though there are of course cultural differences that are to be observed by you).
The subject we are going to deal with is one of the three constituent parts of language which are phonology/phonetics (sounds, phonemes, intonation), lexis / lexical system (vocabulary) and grammar. It is Grammar that has the generalizing function, which allows to form strict rules of writing and speaking correctly in this or that language. These rules dictate specific ways of word changing and their linking to each other inside a sentence.
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Though these rules differ from language to language they actually reflect similar realities and phenomena that surround people. So if we understand which way this or that reality is reflected in the foreign language and what is the difference between their way and the way it is reflected in our native language it will be no problem for us to express this idea by means of the foreign language.
Let’s compare the ways Russians and Englishmen express verbal actions referred to different times.
Я иду! What ideas are expressed by this form? (the action is referred to the present and the action is taking place at the moment of speech) An Englishman when expressing similar meanings will resort to the form “I am coming!”
Я приду . ( the action is referred to the future, the communicative meaning is that of a promise, In Russian I would choose the form with the prefix ‘при’) An Englishman will resort to the simple future form ‘I will come’.
Я буду приходить к вам каждый день. (the action is referred to the future too, it is also a promise but of some regular action) An Englishman will resort to the future continuous tense form: ‘I’ll be comingto you every day.’
Я приду к 7-ми часам. (The action is referredto the future with the concrete indication of the time by which it will have been performed). An Englishman to express this idea will resort to the form which is called the future perfect: I will have come by 7.
Я пришел . (the action is referred to the past but it is closely attached to the present by its result.) – I have come.
Я приходил вчера. (theaction is referred to the past and there is no connection with the present) In English the action will be expressed by the simple past – ‘I came yesterday.’
Seminar 1. Specific features of the English grammatical structure in comparison with the
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