It is not merely a device used by English-speaking parents.

Click on a square 13 to add the sentence to the passage.

 

READING SKILL 7: MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS

QUESTIONS ABOUT INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION	It is implied in paragraph X … It can be inferred from paragraph X … It is most likely that … What probably happened …?
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER	These answers are generally found in order in the passage
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION	· Choose a key word or phrase in the question · Scan the passage for the key word or phrase (or related idea) · Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word or phrase

 

READING EXERCISE 7: Study each of the passages, and choose the best answers to the questions that follow.

PASSAGE One (Questions 1-4)

Tiger Moths

 

One of the most beautiful of the more than 100,000 known species in the order Lepidoptera are the tiger moths, moths known for the striking appeal of their distinctive coloration. This type of moth is covered with highly conspicuous orange-and-black or yellow-and-black patterns of spots and stripes. Such boldly patterned color combinations are commonplace in the animal world, serving the function of forewarning potential predators of unpleasant tastes and smells. This is unquestionably the function served by the striking coloration of the garden tiger moth, which is quite visually attractive but is also poisonous to predators. Certain glands in the garden tiger moth produce strong toxins that circulate throughout the insect's bloodstream, while other glands secrete bubbles that produce a noxious warning smell. The tiger moth, indeed, is a clear example of a concept that many predators intuitively understand, that creatures with the brightest coloration are often the least suitable to eat.

 

1. It is implied in the passage about the order Lepidoptera that

1. all members of the order are moths
2. there may be more than 100,000 species in this order
3. all members of the order are brightly colored
4. there are most likely fewer than 100,000 species in this order

 

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the tiger moth was so named because

1. its coloration resembles that of a tiger
2. it is a ferocious predator, like the tiger
3. its habitat is the same as the tiger's
4. it is a member of the same scientific classification as the tiger

 

3. What would most likely happen to a predator that wanted to eat a tiger moth?

1. The predator would be unable to catch it.
2. The predator would capture it by poisoning it.
3. The predator would be unable to find it.
4. The predator would back away from it.

 

4. Which of the following would a predator be most likely to attack successfully?

1. A purple and orange moth
2. A green and blue moth
3. A brown and grey moth
4. A red and yellow moth

 

PASSAGE TWO (Questions 5-8)

The Cambrian Explosion

1   Many of the major phyla of animals arose during the Cambrian period, in what is called the Cambrian Explosion. Prior to the Cambrian period, simple one-celled organisms had slowly evolved into primitive multicellular creatures. Then, in a relatively rapid explosion during the period from 540 million years ago to 500 million years ago, there was a period of astonishing diversification in which quickly developing organisms became widely distributed and formed complex communities.

2   One theoretical explanation for the rapid diversification that occurred during the Cambrian period is known as the theory of polar wander. According to this theory, the rapid diversification occurred because of an unusually rapid reorganization of the Earth's crust during the Cambrian period. This rapid change in the Earth's crust initiated evolutionary change inasmuch as change in the environment serves to trigger evolutionary change.

 

5. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that

A. some major phyla developed during periods other than the Cambrian period

B. many other phyla of animals became extinct during the Cambrian Explosion

C. descriptions of various animal phyla were created during the Cambrian period

D. the major phyla of animals that came about during the Cambrian period died out in the Cambrian Explosion

 

6. It can be determined from paragraph 1 that the Cambrian Explosion most likely lasted

A. 40 million years

B. 450 million years

C. 500 million years

D. 540 million years

 

7. It is implied in paragraph 2 that

1. only one theory to explain the rapid diversification has been proposed
2. the polar wander explanation is accepted by all scientists
3. the theory of polar wander fails to adequately explain the rapid diversification
4. the theory of polar wander is not the only theory to explain the rapid diversification

 

8. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that one basis of the theory of polar wander is that

1. relatively little change in the Earth's crust took place during the Cambrian period
2. rapid diversification was unable to take place because of the changes in the Earth's crust
3. the Earth's crust changed more slowly in other periods
4. evolutionary change is unrelated to changes in the environment

 

PASSAGE THREE (Questions 9-13)

The Golden Age of Comics

1   The period from the late 1930s to the middle 1940s is known as the Golden Age of comic books. The modern comic book came about in the early 1930s in the United States as a giveaway premium to promote the sales of a whole range of household products such as cereal and cleansers. The comic books, which were printed in bright colors to attract the attention of potential customers, proved so popular that some publishers decided to produce comic books that would come out on a monthly basis and would sell for a dime each. Though comic strips had been reproduced in publications prior to this time, the Famous Funnies comic book, which was started in 1934, marked the first occasion that a serialized book of comics was attempted.

2   Early comic books reprinted already existing comic strips and comics based on known characters; however, publishers soon began introducing original characters developed specifically for comic books. Superman was introduced in Action Comics in 1938, and Batman was introduced a year later. The tremendous success of these superhero comic books led to the development of numerous comic books on a variety of topics, though superhero comic books predominated. Astonishingly, by 1945 approximately 160 different comic books were being published in the United States each month, and 90 percent of U.S. children were said to read comic books on a regular basis.

 

9. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that, at the beginning of the 1930s, comic books most likely cost

1. nothing
2. 5 cents
3. 10 cents
4. 25 cents

 

10. Comic books would least likely have been used to promote

1. Soap
2. Cookies
3. Jewelry
4. bread

 

11. It is implied in the passage that Famous Funnies

1. was a promotional item
2. appeared in a magazine
3. had been produced prior to 1934
4. was published on a regular basis

 

12. From the information in paragraph 2, it appears that Superman most likely

1. was introduced sometime after Batman
2. was a character that first appeared in a comic book
3. first appeared in Famous Funnies
4. first appeared in a promotional comic strip

 

13. It is implied in paragraph 2 that it is surprising that

1. comic strips were more popular than comic books
2. superheroes were not too popular
3. 90 percent of U.S. children did not read comics
4. comic books developed so quickly

 

PASSAGE FOUR (Questions 14-19)

The Filibuster

1   The term filibuster has been in use since the mid-nineteenth century to describe the tactic of delaying legislative action in order to prevent the passage of a bill. The word comes from the Dutch freebooter, or pirate, and most likely developed from the idea that someone conducting a filibuster is trying to steal away the opportunity that proponents of a bill have to make it successful.

2   In the earlier history of the U.S. Congress, filibusters were used in both the House of Representatives and in the Senate, but they are now much more a part of the culture of the Senate than of the House. Because the House is a much larger body than is the Senate, the House now has rules which greatly limit the amount of time that each member may speak, which effectively serves to eliminate the filibuster as a mechanism for delaying legislation in the House.

3   In the Senate, the smaller of the two bodies, there are now rules that can constrain but not totally eliminate filibusters. The Senate adopted its first cloture rule in 1917, a rule which requires a vote of two-thirds of the Senate to limit debate to one hour on each side. The rule was changed in 1975 and now requires a vote of three-fifths of the members to invoke cloture in most situations.

4   The longest filibuster on record occurred in 1957, when Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carolina wanted to delay voting on civil rights legislation. The filibuster was conducted for twenty-four hours and 18 minutes on August 28 and 29, when Thurmond held the floor of the Senate by lecturing on the law and reading from court decisions and newspaper columns. It was his hope that this filibuster would rally opponents of civil rights legislation; however, two weeks after the filibuster, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed.

 

14. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that around 1800

1. the first filibuster took place
2. legislative action was never delayed
3. the term filibuster was not in use in the U.S. Congress
4. the Dutch introduced the term freebooter

 

15. It can be determined from paragraph 1 that a freebooter was most likely someone who

1. served in the Senate
2. robbed passing ships
3. enacted legislation
4. served in the Dutch government

 

16. It is implied in paragraph 2 that, in its early years, the House

1. had no rules against filibusters
2. had few filibusters
3. had fewer filibusters than the Senate
4. had the longest filibuster on record

 

17. Based on the information in paragraph 3, a vote of cloture would most likely be used to

1. initiate filibusters
2. break filibusters
3. extend filibusters
4. encourage filibusters

 

18. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 3 that the 1975 rule change

1. increased the number of people needed to vote for cloture
2. made it easier to limit a filibuster
3. covered all types of Senate votes
4. decreased the number of people in the Senate

 

19. It is implied in paragraph 4 that Senator Thurmond was opposed to

A. filibusters

B. lecturing on the law

C. speaking in the Senate

D. the Civil Rights Act of 1957

 

 

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