You will hear a lecture on the Earth’s origin. For statements 16-20, choose the best answer A, B, C, D.
16. Which of the following elements are the lightest?
A. hydrogen and oxygen
B. hydrogen and helium
C. helium and carbon
D. hydrogen and carbon
17. What is the meaning of «blob»?
A. dense spot
B. locked particle
C. abundant element
D. considering clouds
18. After burning helium, stars swell into
A. dwarfs
B. galaxies
C. giants
D. planets
19. What does the following passage describe?
A. how the Earth was created
B. how the “ big bang” changed the Earth
C. how immense explosions created new stars
D. how new stars created different elements
20. What would the author discuss in the following passage?
A. star factories
B. rare and common elements
C. the life of a star
D. how the Sun and planets were formed
DISCUSSION: (R.P – 3.1, 3.3)
SITUATIONAL GAME-
Imagine that you are the crust (the mantle, the core). What’s happening in your body?
THE EARTH
Use the charts below and the supplementary texts from SELF-STUDY BOOKLET- (SUPPLEMENTARY READING COMPREHENSION MATERIAL -PG.90)
(BRAINSTORMING – is an activity which aims to help students with this important pre-writing stage of getting ideas together. In this task, it is a pair-work activity.)
STAGE 1:
Group work responding to a text discussion. During this stage, each group will discuss its own topic.
GROUP A
GROUP B
STAGE 2: Sharing ideas of response to the text. Divide the students into new
groups, so that each group has a member with different information.
A B A B
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Now the members of each new group will share their ideas.
STAGE 3: Now each student must jot down all the information he/she
remembers.
I. Jig-saw plan (1-2 minute) short one-point talk
II. Multi-point conversation (5 minutes)
| Lower mantle • 1793-652 miles • solid | ||
| Oceanic crust • outermost 3-6 miles below oceans | ||
| • solid • average composition similar to that of basalt • high silica and magnesium - SIMA • distinctive from mantle in its composition-more silica | • composition similar to olivine • fairly even composition • density 470-358 lb/cubic ft • temperature 5040-32400 F • 68.3% Earth’s mass | |
| Continental crust • outermost 16-56 miles representing the continental masses • composition extremely complex • averaging granite • high in silica and aluminum - SIAL • density 195 lb/cubic ft • 2.5 denser water • temperature 1148-320 F • 0.7% Earth’s mass | Outer core • 3762-1793 miles • liquid • moving about • producing the Earth’s magnetic field • iron-sulfur mixture • density 950-770 lb/cubic ft • temperature 57600 F • 29.3% Earth’s mass | |
| Upper mantle • 249 miles to 56 miles between continents • 3 miles beneath oceans • solid • composition as the mantle • rich in olivine • density 233 lb/cubic ft • temperature 2340-11480 F | Inner core • Center • 3958-3762 miles • solid • iron-nickel alloy • density 1017 lb/cubic ft • temperature 81000 F • 1.7% Earth’s mass |
WORDLIST
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PRONUNCIATION
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TERMS
asthenosphere
atmosphere
crust
hydrosphere
inner core
lithosphere
mantle
Mohorovicic discontinuity ( moho / M )
outer core
transition zone
астеносфера
атмосфера
кора
гидросфера
внутреннее ядро
литосфера
мантия
граница/раздел Mохоровичича
внешнее ядро
переходная зона
WORDS AND PHRASES
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abundance
abundant
accumulation
alloy
anomaly
artificial
bump
compound
compression
density
dip
equator
film
fluid
gravimeter
gravitation
gravity
kink
layer
measurement
molten
mountain range
oblate
poison
poisonous
pole
primeval
rocky
satellite
shape
sluggish
spin
to account for
to bulge
to cause
to cool
to evolve
to flatten
to harden
to identify
изобилие, масса
обильный, богатый
накопление
сплав
аномалия, отклонение
искусственный
выпуклость, вздутие
сложный
сжатие
плотность
откос, падение, впадина
экватор
оболочка, пленка
текучая среда, флюид
гравиметр
гравитация, притяжение
сила тяжести
изгиб
слой
измерение, размеры
расплавленный
горный хребет
сплющенный (у полюсов)
яд
ядовитый
полюс
первоначальный, древний
каменистый
спутник
форма
медленный
вращение
вычислять, составлять, насчитывать
выдаваться, выпячиваться
послужить причиной, поводом
охлаждать, остывать
развивать
становиться плоским
затвердевать
определять, отождествлять
to liquefy превращать в жидкое состояние
to oversimplify чрезмерно упрощать
to reflect отражать
to reinforce укреплять, усиливать
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to reveal открывать
to sort out сортировать
to tend to иметь тенденцию, быть склонным
to work out найти решение
volatile component летучая компонента
volume объем, масса
wrinkle морщина, складка
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