Give the synonyms to the following words and make up the sentences with them.
Investigation, basis, regularity, (scientific) assumption, prevision, to find, originator, to immortalize.
Rearrange the words to make up the sentences.
1. Century, science, this, of people, has seen, the life, changes, great, in, and. 2. The ideas, outstanding, many, originate, law, the periodic, from, researchers, of. 3. System, of, the structure, has expanded, degree, the periodic, to a considerable. 4. Work, place, an explorer, the first, Mendeleev, placed, as, of, nature, at. 5. The development, and, to intensify, chemists, works, science, outstanding, technology, of, of, help, industry. 6. Mathematics, in, Mendeleev, with, economics, successfully, art, and, dealt, astronomy, problems, meteorology, philosophy. 7. Helped, a number of, conditions, Mendeleev's, mendelevium, G. Seaborg, to, laboratory, law, elements, including, in, obtain. 8. Scandium, followed, the, and, predictions, discoveries, successive, of, gallium, germanium, the scientist's. 9. Results, experimental, serve, he, tried, his, and, theoretical, society, to make.
Put the words from the box into the text.
| chemistry, research, discovery, atomic, thesis, significance, properties, doctor, department, hard, scientist, solutions |
D. I. Mendeleev, the great Russian … (1), was born in Siberia on February 8, 1834. When he was seven, he went to gymnasium in Tobolsk. He studied very … (2), he especially liked mathematics, physics, and history. At the age of 16 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg, physico-mathematical … (3). He taught … (4) at the Technological Institute and then at the University. In 1865 Mendeleev was granted the … (5) of Science Degree for the … (6) on the combination of alcohol with water. This work was both of great theoretical and practical … (7). Mendeleev's greatest … (8) was the Periodic Law which stated that the … (9) of elements were a periodic function of their … (10) masses. The scientist's numerous works dealt with many subjects: properties of liquids, theories of … (11), the development of the gas law, the use of oil etc. Mendeleev continued his … (12) to the very last day of his life.
Translate the sentences into English. Mind Indefinite Tenses .
1. Периодическая система элементов Д. И. Менделеева стала известна в 1869 году. 2. Она позволила предсказать существование и свойства нескольких элементов. 3. Менделевий, один из трансурановых элементов, носит имя ученого, который привлек внимание коллег к урану. 4. Д. И. Менделеев ‑ основатель современной химии и, в значительной степени, современной физики. 5. Он посвятил себя изучению природы. 6. Всю свою жизнь Д. И. Менделеев делал все возможное для прогресса России в области науки и экономики. 7. Его закон заложил основу для современной науки об атоме. 8. В настоящее время периодическая таблица сильно отличается от периодической таблицы 1869 года. 9. Каждый период таблицы Менделеева содержит определенное число элементов. 10. Например, в первом периоде ‑ только два элемента. 11. До Менделеева были попытки расставить элементы в некотором порядке.
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Answer the following questions according to the text .
1. What is D. Mendeleev famous for?
2. Why is the periodic system by Mendeleev valued so much?
3. What did the periodic table allow to predict?
4. Has the periodic table changed with time? In what way has it changed?
5. Was D. Mendeleev interested only in chemistry?
6. What things are named in honor of the greatest chemist?
7. Why is D. Mendeleev considered the founder of modern Chemistry and Physics?
8. What "three services to the Motherland" did Mendeleev describe in his notes?
9. What did the British magazine write about D. Mendeleev?
10. How are the following names related to D. Mendeleev: A. Blok, G. Seaborg, O. Hahn?
Section II
TEXT B
Notes on the text:
pursue – проводить; win an award – получить премию; eventual – последующий; passionate – увлечённый; trail behind –отставать; he had the good fortune – ему посчастливилось; put at the forefront – поставить на первое место; chair–кафедра
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Skim the text and entitle it.
Mendeleev trained as both a teacher and an academic chemist. He spent time doing both before he won an award to go to Western Europe to pursue chemical research. He spent most of the years 1859 and 1860 in Heidelberg, Germany, where he had the good fortune to work for a short time with Robert Bunsen at Heidelberg University. In 1860 Bunsen and his colleague Gustav Kirchhoff discovered the element cesium using chemical spectroscopy – a new method, which Bunsen introduced Mendeleev to.
In 1860, Mendeleev attended the first ever International Chemistry Conference, which took place in Karlsruhe, Germany. Much of the conference’s time the scientists spent discussing the need to standardize chemistry. This conference played a key role in Mendeleev's eventual development of the periodic table. Mendeleev's periodic table was based on atomic weights and he watched as the conference produced an agreed, standardized method for determining these weights. At the conference, he also learned about Avogadro's Law which states that all gases, at the same volume, temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules.
By the time he returned to Saint Petersburg in 1861 to teach at the Technical Institute, Mendeleev had become even more passionate about the science of Chemistry. He was also worried that Chemistry in Russia was trailing behind the science he had experienced in Germany.
He believed that improved Russian language Chemistry textbooks were a necessity, and he decided to do something about it. Working very hard, in just 61 days the 27-year-old chemist poured out his knowledge in a 500 page textbook: Organic Chemistry. This book won the Demidov Prize and put Mendeleev at the forefront of Russian chemical education. Mendeleev was a charismatic teacher and lecturer, and held a number of academic positions until, in 1867, aged just 33, he headed the Chair of General Chemistry at the University of Saint Petersburg. In this prestigious position, he decided to make another push to improve chemistry in Russia, publishing The Principles of Chemistry in 1869. This textbook proved popular in Russia, it was popular elsewhere too, appearing in English, French and German translations.
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