May, might, to be allowed to (permission, prohibition, polite request, assumption or irritation/reproach).
Translate the following sentences and specify the meaning of the modal verb in each sentence.
1. We were not allowed to use the car park.
2. They might have warned me.
3. It might rain, so do not forget your umbrella.
4. Visitors may have lunch at 1 p.m.
5. May I borrow your calculator for a second?
6. Do not drink this water! It might be poisonous.
7. You will not be allowed to talk during your exam tomorrow.
8. You might be more polite.
9. Christina may be in Spain now.
10. May I use your mobile telephone?
11. We may get an answer from him next week.
12. You may register for the conference until the end of June.
May and Can are used in the meaning of asking a permission!
Can I write with a pencil? May I write with a pencil?
Can’t is used to express strict prohibition!
You can’t smoke in the dining room.
Build up sentences and translate them.
1. I – your – see – may – passport ?
2. not – to – children – allowed – are – enter .
3. come – sister – tomorrow – might – my .
4. have – a glass – please - may – of – I – wine ?
5. Slava – ill – may – have – fallen .
6. might – your – often – you – more – phone – parents .
7. was – go – he – allowed – home – to – not .
8. colder – it – tomorrow – might – get .
9. may – you – now – away – go.
10. He - to – not – was – enter – allowed - hall – after - the – bell – concert – third – the.
11. May - the – it – hot – you – window – is – here – open - , - .
12. Diet – might – dangerous – be – you – this – for.
13. The – teacher – said – we – allowed – home – head – go – to – were.
14. Stuck – in – might – got – Sean – have – traffic.
15. Are – to – without – allowed – in – UK – you – drive – not – a – the – license.
16. A – card – be - memory – might – the - , - full – is – perhaps – it.
17. Manager – in – be – may - meeting – a.
- Sally – children – the - park – have – might – to – the – taken.
We use may and might or could when we are less certain about our guess!
He might/could be one of those new Canadian artists.
We use may not/might not when we are not sure about our guess!
This small shop might not have batteries.
We use could/ may have been/might have done … expressing possibility about the past!
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That could/ may/might have been the doctor who rang earlier.
Write in the infinitive in brackets in the correct form.
1. You may … (to leave) the room now.
2. She said that you might … (to be) free.
3. Robert might … (to hear) our talk.
4. Mother may … (to make) tea in the kitchen now.
5. The boys may … (to play) tennis since breakfast.
6. Why is the baby crying? – He might … (to hurt) himself.
7. When may we … (to visit) you?
8. Alec may … (to run) away from home last night.
9. You told me the news too late. I think you might … (to tell) it sooner.
10. It may … (to be) slippery tomorrow morning.
Translate into English .
1. Я забыл свой учебник дома. Можно я возьму твой на минутку. – Да, можно.
2. Детям разрешили лечь спать попозже в ночь под Новый Год.
Мне позволили пригласить Джона на мой день рождения.
4. Можно войти? – Да, входите.
5. В зоопарке посетителям не разрешается кормить животных.
6. Можно мне задать тебе несколько вопросов? – Да, можно. Ты можешь задавать мне любые вопросы, какие хочешь.
7. Тебе разрешают приходить домой так поздно?
8. По воскресеньям не разрешается играть в парке в футбол, вы можете играть там в будние дни.
9. Мам, можно мне выйти поиграть? — Нет, нельзя. Ты еще не сделал домашние задания.
Можно ли мне уйти с работы сегодня на полчаса раньше? – Да, можно.
11. Ты можешь работать в моей комнате, когда я уезжаю в командировку.
12. Если вы не знаете каких-либо слов, вы можете посмотреть их в словаре.
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13. Можно я возьму еще сладостей? – Нет, нельзя.
14. Можно мне еще чашку чая? – Да, можно.
15. Никому не разрешается входить в эту комнату.
Must/mustn’t, have to/had to/do not have to, need to/needn’t to/do not need to/, should, ought to
Must/have to/need to – express obligation or necessity.
I must/have to/need to pick up that prescription from the chemist on the way home.
Needn’t/ don’t have to/don’t need to – express lack of obligation or necessity.
You needn’t/don’t have to/ don’t need topick up that prescription from the chemist as I’ll get it while I am in town.
Had to – expresses past obligation.
I had to take the pills three times a day for two weeks.
Needn’t (+perfect infinitive)/didn’t have to/didn’t need to - express lack of past obligation
I needn’t have gone/ didn’t have to go/didn’t need to go to the doctor.
Should/ought to - asking for advice, give advice, express one’s opinion.
You should/ought to feel better in a few days.
We use should/ ought to (+perfect infinitive) to criticize past behavior.
He should/ought to have made more of an effort with his diet.
Write in must or mustn’t.
1. You look pale. I think you … see the doctor.
2. It’s very slippery outside. You … run there.
3. You … throw litter on the pavement.
4. Children … look neat and clean at school.
5. You … make noise in the library.
6. You … brush your teeth before going to bed.
7. You … fasten your seatbelt in a car.
8. Children … watch TV a lot.
9. You … light a fire in the forest.
10. You … be friendly to other people.
Put questions .
1. We must hurry. (Why …?)
2. They must meet as soon as possible. (Where … ?)
3. I had to work hard last week. (When … ?)
4. Sally will have to explain the details. (Why … ?)
5. Granddad must stay in bed for a few days. (How long … ?)
6. She has to be careful with that device. (Why … ?)
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7. They have to tell me the truth. (What … ?)
8. Mum will have to make a lot of snacks for the party. (How many … ?)
9. We had to stay in hospital till midnight. (Where … ?)
10. He has to go to Paris next week. (Who … ?)
Write in mustn’t or don’t have to.
1. You … leave your kids unattended at the airport.
2. You … be late for the interview.
3. You … eat the soup if you don’t want to.
4. You … shout at us.
5. We … run. We have plenty of time before the concert.
6. You … pay now. You can pay online later.
7. This museum is free. We … buy any tickets.
8. This is my dad’s pen. You … lose it.
9. You … make much noise. Little Tim is sleeping.
10. It’s Sunday tomorrow. I … get up early.
11. You have much time left. You … to hurry up.
12. I … walk with my dog so long today but must spend more time on the preparation for my exam.
13. “You … behave so ridiculously. Aren’t you ill?” “No, I am fine”
14. “I … see the patient first”, said the doctor.
15. You … to buy milk, my mum has already bought a carton.
Write the sentences in the Future Simple or Past Simple tense. Use have to.
1. I must fly to India now. (next month)
2. We must go and buy some painkillers. (last night)
3. Drake must sign the contract today. (tomorrow)
4. I must water the plants now. (yesterday)
5. He must mend a broken window. (tomorrow morning)
6. You must pay the rent today. (last Friday)
7. We must not pay for the tickets, as Josie says they are free for us.
8. You must tell the police about the robbery. (yesterday)
9. All the artists in this art exhibition must be British. (next year)
10. You must be at home by 11 a.m. Your mother will be phoning. (tomorrow)
11. You must go to the party today. (tomorrow evening)
12. We must go to the South to conduct the experiments. (in October)
Write in the correct form of have to
1. Why ______ he _________ stay after classes? Mrs. Green, our teacher, gave him lines.
2. Eton is a highly strict school. Students there__________ wear their uniform.
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3. ______ you ________ learn the poem by heart? — No, I have already learned it,
4. You ________ buy bread. Mum has already bought it.
5. Jimmy ________ get up early. It’s holiday-time.
6. Tom ______ take his PE kit to school on Monday and Tuesday. He has PE lessons on these days.
7. _______ we _______ walk to school? — No, let’s take a bus.
8. Sally has no pen. She _______ ask somebody for a pen.
9. Nelly is studying literature. She _______ read a lot of books.
10. You_________ (not run). You won't miss the bus.
11. Pete's eyes are very bad, and he _________ (wear) glasses.
12. School starts at eight o'clock, so we_________ (get) up early.
13. My friend gave me some tickets for the concert, so I_________ (not pay)!
14. We _________ (study) maths at school, because it's compulsory.
15. She's got lots of time. She_________ (not hurry).
16. We ______ (not take) any exams at the end of this term.
17. My mum sometimes _________ (work) at weekends.
Circle the correct answer
We have a lot of work tomorrow. You _______________ be late.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
The museum is free. You _______________ pay to get in.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
Children _______________ tell lies. It’s very naughty.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
John’s a millionaire. He _______________ go to work.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
I _______________ do my washing, because my mother does it for me.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
We _______________ rush. We’ve got plenty of time.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
You _______________ smoke inside the school.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
You can borrow my new dress but you _______________ get it dirty.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
We _______________ miss the train, it’s the last one tonight.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
She _______________ do this work today, because she can do it tomorrow.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
I _______________ clean the floor today because I cleaned it yesterday.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
We _______________ stay in a hotel in London, we can stay with my brother.
a) mustn’t
b) don’t have to
c) doesn’t have to
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