II . Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What, according to the author, are the parks supposed to offer ?
2. Why did the author have to wait a few times behind a line of cars during his visit to the Grand Tetons' Park?
3. What accomodation should hotels have to welcome old age people'
4. What does the «hands off» policy which was introduced in the Yellow,
Stone park mean?
III . Исправьте предложения в соответствии с содержани ем текста.
1. The Great Smoky Mountains park is the largest in the American park system.
2. The author's advice is to provide lodgings for true lovers of nature only
№26
Прочитайте текст два раза и выполните следующие задания.
Toys have formed part of human culture since the earliest times. Every society has provided its children with imitation of human beings or animals, and dolls are probably the oldest form of toy. No dolls have been found in prehistoric graves1, but this may be because they were made of materials like wood or cloth that have perished. Nevertheless, a doll with movable arms has been found in a Babylonian grave, and there were certainly dolls in Egypt over six thousand years ago.
Other ancient toys include balls and sticks, and it is clear that most games requiring physical action were originally introduced to train boys in the art of warfare2. Sometimes the result went beyond the inventors' intention. Football was banned3 in England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I because it became too violent. But boys continued to play with toy soldiers and weapons. We have examples dating from the Middle Ages. Moving toys also have a long history. The Chinese developed explosive toy weapons from the use of fireworks, and many early toys employ wheels. Modern technology has made possible the production of sophisticated moving toys like model railways, aircraft controlled by radio, and dolls that can walk.
Children need toys because many adult skills are developed from playing with them. Children who learn to construct model aircraft are using their hands to a purpose; children who solve jigsaw puzzles are using their minds. Above all, children's imagination is stimulated by playing with objects.
But it is not clear that giving children particular toys changes the nature of their games, or that the most elaborate toys will be the ones they like most. Many parents are upset to find that two or three days after Christmas or a child's birthday, the expensive presents they bought have been broken or are lying in a corner of the room, and the child is once again happily building an imaginary castle with a few pieces of wood or playing with an old teddy bear the parents think is ugly and should be thrown away.
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1 grave—могила
2warfare— война, боевые действия
3 to ban—запрещать
Test № 26
I . Определите, верны ( True ) или неверны ( False ) следующие утверждения.
1. The oldest form of toy is an imitation of human beings.
2. People have found toy soldiers dating from Middle Ages.
3. At one time playing football was not allowed in most of the European countries.
4. According to the author, giving children particular toys changes the nature of their games.
II . Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Why, according to the text, have no dolls been found in prehistoric graves?
2. What fact proves that in ancient times they sometimes buried children's toys with children when they died?
3. What was the purpose of ancient toys like balls or sticks?
4. Why are many parents upset after Christmas or a child's birthday?
III . Исправьте предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. It is known that there were dolls in Egypt over six hundred years ago.
2. Children's independence is stimulated by playing with objects.
№27
Прочитайте текст два раза и выполните следующие задания.
The World Health Organization reports that 3.5 million people die every year from tobacco related diseases. Half of these deaths occur in industrial countries. Anti-smoking campaigns have been started in most developed countries — banning1 tobacco advertising in the mass media, increasing cigarette taxes and requiring health warnings on cigarette packages.
For the first time in a quarter of a century the number of women smoking is on an increase. Statistics show that it's the youngest women who are increasingly taking up the habit.
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The habit is on an increase among teenage girls while it is falling in all other groups of the population. Now almost one in three girls of school-leaving age are smokers. Teenage girls who smoke believe cigarettes help keep them slim, make them look grown-up and control stress, health experts say. And while they know the risks to their future health, they would still rather smoke.
Health experts are puzzled as to why the anti-tobacco message is not reaching them. Dr. Anne Charlton said «We do not really know why they keep taking up smoking when everyone is giving up.» Teenage girls are twice as likely to start smoking if one of their parents is a smoker. They probably have a best friend who smokes and parents who do not disapprove of their taking up the habit. They are more likely to leave school at 16.
Fifty per cent of girls who leave school to start a career in hairdressing are smokers. In nursing the figure is 44 per cent and around 34 per cent in secretarial work. Dr. Charlton said: «The rates are less among those who go to university. The smokers are usually the ones who do not do well at school and show few signs of wanting to. They mistakenly believe it helps to keep their weight down, although they have no weight problem in the first place».
One of the most effective methods of getting girls to stop smoking is to point out how much they smell, says Dr. Charlon. Others stop when a boyfriend insists he does not like it.
1 to ban—запрещать
Test № 27
I. Определите, верны ( True ) или неверны ( False ) следующие утверждения.
1. Teenage girls smoke because, according to scientists, smoking helps to keep down weight.
2. Teenage girls are more likely to take up smoking when they start a career in hairdressing.
3. Most of the girls who smoke are not interested in their progress at school.
4. A lot of girls give up smoking after they are told that they smell.
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