Ex.5 Give English equivalents to the words.
1) предок; 2) по суше; 3) инструменты; 4) бронзовый век; 5) щит и меч; 6) железный век; 7) воинственный; 8) ехать верхом; 9) вклад; 10) прямой угол; 11) хижина; 12) крестьянин; 13) морской флот; 14) совершить налет; 15) добыча; 16) королевство; 17) завоевание; 18) короновать; 19) духовенство; 20) страдание; 21) первооткрыватель; 22) прогресс; 23) достигать; 24) цивилизация; 25) Содружество Наций.
Ex.6 Combine the events and the dates.
1 The Spanish Armada was defeated by the British navy.
2 William the Conqueror won the Battle of Hastings.
3 Nelson won the battle of Trafalgar.
4 The Act of Union joined England and Scotland.
5 Britain became a member of the European Community.
6 The battle of Waterloo ended the Napoleon Wars.
7 The Act of Union with Ireland.
8 India and Pakistan became separate states.
9 Scottish parliament in Edinburgh and Welsh Assembly in Cardiff were created.
10 Slavery was banned throughout the British Empire.
11 Charles Darwin published “Origin of Species”.
12 Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first woman prime minister.
1066, 1588, 1707, 1801, 1805, 1815, 1833, 1859, 1948, 1972, 1979, 1998.
Ex.7 Do you know…
A) What are these people famous for? – Alfred the Great, King Arthur, Oliver Cromwell, Admiral Nelson, Queen Victoria, Edward VIII, Elisabeth II .
B) What are these places famous for? – Hastings, Trafalgar, Waterloo, Wiltshire, Stratford-upon-Avon, Greta Green.
Ex. 8 Answer the questions.
1. When did the earliest hominids enter Britain? 2. What were the people of the earliest known settlements in Britain? 3. What was the culture of Mesolithic and Neolithic people? 4. What inventions did people of the Bronze Age make? 5. What were the military achievements of the Celts? 6. What was the Romans’ influence on Britain? 7. What is a villa? 8. What was the Romans’ religion? 9. Why is the period of the Anglo-Saxon settlements called the Dark Ages? 10. What was Wessex like under Alfred the Great? 11. What is Danelaw? 12. What were the Normans like? 13. What institutions had the most power with the Normans? 14. What is “trial by ordeal”? 15. What is the role of Britain as a nation of world importance? 16. What was Britain in the 1900’s?
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Ex . 9 Translate .
1. Предки современного человека пришли в Великобританию по суше в палеолите. 2. Люди мезолита приучили собаку, построили дороги и дома из дерева. 3. Люди бронзового века изобрели колесо и плуг, ножи и щиты из бронзы и кожи. 4. Военные вожди руководили кельтами, которые первыми начали ездить верхом. 5.Города римлян имели прямые параллельные улицы, которые пересекались под прямым углом. 6. В Темные Века самым могущественным был Уэссекс, где было много школ и флот. 7.Викинги пришли в Британию за добычей, создали там свое королевство и заставили англичан платить дань. 8.Наибольшего влияния церковь и закон добились при норманнах. 9. «Суд Божий» заставлял человека опускать руку в кипяток и таким образом решал, виновен ли человек. 10. Великобритания дала свободу своим бывшим колониям и повлияла на становление многих государств.
Text 2
Ex.1 Translate the following words and word combinations.
Few natural resources, an empire, an explorer, to be made up, surface, to vary, valleys and plains, changeable, fog and smog, extremely, to spread, a car accident, frequent, agrarian, wool cloth, an industrialized nation, coal mining, heavy machinery, aircraft, consumer goods, privacy, dry wit, gambling.
Ex.2 Read the text.
United Kingdom and its people
The United Kingdom is an island country in northwestern Europe. More than 70 countries are larger in size, and the United Kingdom has only about 1 % of the world’s people. It has few natural resources. Yet, for hundred years the United Kingdom has been one of the world’s most important countries. The British started the Industrial Revolution. They founded the largest empire in history. They have produced many of the world’s scientists, explorers, artists and political leaders.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres. The UK is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The weather in Great Britain is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening and the wrong side out. The English people say: «Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather». The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long.
The most unpleasant aspect of English weather is fog and smog. This is extremely bad in big cities especially in London. The fog spreads everywhere so cars move along slowly and people can't see each other. They try not to be run over by a car but still accidents are frequent in the fog.
Up to the 18th century the British economy was mainly agrarian and the chief manufacture was wool cloth. But trade developed rapidly and soon Britain became an industrialized nation, basing its wealth on coal mining, manufacture of iron and steel, heavy machinery and textiles, on shipbuilding and on trade. The newer industries include chemicals, electronic engineering, vehicle manufacture, aircraft building, instrument engineering and a wide range of consumer goods.
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The United Kingdom with its 58 million people is more thickly populated than most countries. The seven biggest metropolitan areas are London, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle, Birmingham and Leeds. British people developed their own character and way of life. They respect privacy and old traditions. They developed dry wit, a love for personal freedom and a high degree of self-criticism. They spend a lot of time in their gardens and are known for their love to animals.
The British are enthusiastic sports fans. The most popular sports are soccer, cricket, angling, golf, hockey, rugby. Gambling on sports events is very popular. About 75% of the British gamble on horse racing, dog racing or soccer games. Betting shops and bingo halls are also popular.
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