Compare your variants of key-sentences with given ones. Choose the best, prove your opinion. Put them in order
Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Московской области «Электростальский колледж»
УТВЕРЖДАЮ
Зам. директора
по учебной работе
Краснобельмова И.В.
_____________________
«____»__________г.
Учебно-методические материалы по выполнению
Классной контрольной по дисциплине
«Английский язык»
Для студентов заочного отделения
По специальности
Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений (базовая подготовка)
Курс
Рассмотрены и одобрены цикловой комиссией строительных дисциплин
« 3 » сентября_ 2018__ г., протокол № _1___.
Председатель предметной(цикловой) комиссии_____________И.А. Толмачева
Преподаватель_________________________________________Е.И.Миронова
Электросталь
2018
Инструкция по выполнению классной контрольной работы.
Контрольная работа включает в себя грамматические задания, и задания на перевод, которые охватывают курс дисциплины «Иностранный язык», а также рассматривает профессиональную лексику по предложенным темам.
Контрольная работа состоит из текста и заданий к нему. Задания включают письменный перевод текста, ответы на вопросы по тексту, а также поиск эквивалентов, и лексический тест. Контрольная работа включает в себя 3 варианта. В каждом варианте предложены задания идентичные по сложности. Поэтому студент может выбрать любой понравившийся вариант. Все задания необходимо выполнить в письменном виде.
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При выполнении заданий необходимо грамматически верно расписывать полностью выстроенное предложение (без сокращений и упущений слов или фраз).
Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена в отдельной тетради или в напечатанном виде (формат А4). На обложке тетради или титульном листе следует указать специальность, курс, номер группы, фамилию, имя, отчество, дату и номер варианта.
Контрольные задания следует выполнять четким почерком или в напечатанном виде с соблюдением полей, оставленных для замечаний, комментария и методических указаний преподавателя.
ВАРИАНТ 1
Read and translate the text
Orientation and Surveying the Building
Before beginning construction of any building it is necessary to consider several problems connected closely with the lot where the building is to be erected. Some of these problems are as follows:
1. Soil.—Soil is a very important problem in the building of any house. The land may have a sufficient depth of rich top soil, but beneath it may be a ledge of soil rock, which will make the excavation for a basement very expensive especially in climates where the footings must be carried down below the frost line.
2. Transportation.—The problem of transportation is the most important one during the whole period of construction on the building site. One must see if there is a sufficient means of erecting ways for bringing up the materials and men for construction work.
One must also see if there is a sewerage line, water supply line, gas line, the electric power line, and how all of them can be used.
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3. Surveying.—A survey is a plan of a piece of land showing its exact dimensions and levels, the lot boundaries with relations to adjacent streets and lanes, the location and the levels of existing sewer and water mains, electric light, gas services, etc.
Styling of a Building. —When all things mentioned above are carefully considered, another point must be kept in mind. This is the ''style" in which the building is to be planned or, in other words, its exterior appearance.
If we have to design a house, there is a number of practical considerations which will have an effect upon the design of a house.] Some of these are as follows:
1. Height of first floor above ground.
2. Ceilings' heights. The height of the ceiling, that is clear height from floor to ceiling, is a matter to be determined by the designer.
Other Constructions.—The first houses were merely shelters built for the purpose of protecting their owners from weather and therefore were very simple—a roof to keep off the rain, and the walls to keep out the wind.
In the beginning there were no windows. A little later each house had its fireplace and a masonry chimney. For many years, even centuries houses were built without any conveniences. There was no plumbing, no water supply, no heating system, no electric light. Very gradually a change came about, especially in cities.
First there was plumbing, running water in the kitchen, then hot water, then fully equipped bathrooms.
The latest thing is air conditioning and comfort cooling. To the work of the carpenter, to mason, the plasterer and the roofer, has added the work of the so called mechanical trades: the plumbers, the steam-fitters and the electricians.
The requirements of these mechanical trades must be provided for in the planning.
Lines of heating and water drainage pipes and air ducts must run through the house, and, as they are not ornamental, arrangements must be so that they can be concealed in the walls and floors.
The same is concerned of the electric wiring. For a long time people were so proud of their heating system that they did not mind looking at the radiators, but now the central heating is commonplace; many people dislike their ugliness and want them concealed in the walls.
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Now the architect who makes plans for a house must foresee what is necessary for all the piping and wiring and must make suitable allowance.
Compare your variants of key-sentences with given ones. Choose the best, prove your opinion. Put them in order
1.Excavation for a basement is a very important problem in the building.
2.Exterior appearance has a number of practical considerations.
3.In the beginning there were only roofes and walls in ancient buildings.
4. To fullfil building sufficiently it is necessary to have erecting ways, sewerage line etc.
5. The latest invention was air conditioning and comfort cooling.
6. Nowadays people dislike current placement of central heating and want to conceal it in walls.
7. It is necessary to have a plan of landscape before erecting any structure.
3. Give (translation) equivalents:
1) a desired temperature; 6) outside atmosphere;
2) comfortable atmosphere; 7) air-conditioning system;
3) the processing of materials; 8) electrostatic precipitator;
4) minimum of wastage; 9) human comfort;
5) to remove dust; 10) to avoid stuffiness.
1) оптимальное условие; 6) нагревание воздуха;
2) обеспечивать контроль; 7) охлаждение воздуха;
3) фильтрация воздуха; 8) увлажнение воздуха;
4) циркуляция воздуха; 9) чистота воздуха;
5) низкая скорость; 10) зимние условия.
4. Answer questions :
1. What principles must urban management incorporate?
2. What key elements are to be considered in urban planning?
3. What should replace quality of goods?
4. What alternative can natural materials provide?
5. 0What are the most popular natural building techniques and materials?
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ВАРИАНТ 2
Read and translate the text
Construction Works
The first houses were built for the purpose of protecting their owners from the weather and, therefore, were very simple – a roof to keep off the rain or snow, and walls to keep out the wind.
The building erected now can be divided into two broad classifications: they are either for housing or for industrial purpose.
As far as the material is concerned, the building can be divided into stone (or brick), wood and concrete types. The brick is an artificial material made of clay then burnt to harden it. The natural stone (rubble masonry) is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load. The buildings made of stone or brick are durable, fire-proof and have poor heat conductivity.
The tiers or levels which divide a building into stages or stories are called floors. These may be of timber but in stone buildings they are made of ferro-concrete details in great or small sizes.
The coverings or upper parts of buildings constructed over to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to the weather, are called roofs. There should tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the construction.
Every building must be beautiful in appearance and proportional in various parts. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple without any excesses.
Any building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating system.
Getting water into the house is called plumbing. The plumbers have also to get the water out after it has been used. The first part of this problem is called water supply and the second one is called drainage or sewerage.
Almost everybody saw the construction of a building and followed its progress with interest. First the excavation is dug for the basement, then the foundation walls below ground level are constructed; after this the framework is erected and clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.
The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safety carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roofs and other parts of the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.
The architect or designer must decide, what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts, which make up the framework, will be and how they will be placed and arranged.
Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.
Foundations serve to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.
Floors divide the building into stories. They may be either of timber or may be constructed of a fire-resisting material. Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the walls construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural or artificial materials.
Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to the weather. They tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the structure.
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