Предложения, содержащие оговорки (так называемые modified statements )
Близко к вводным предложениям стоят так называемые оговорки. Предложения с такими оговорками называют modified statements, поскольку включенные в них оговорки изменяют смысл всего высказывания, а иногда фактически сводят его на нет. Эти оговорки носят условный характер. Такими оговорками могут быть эллиптические конструкции, отдельные слова, словосочетания или целые вводные предложения.
Предложения с оговорками нередко требуют перестановки слов при переводе, так как они часто разрывают логическую последовательность мысли. Эллиптические конструкции типа if addressed, обычно переводятся целым условным предложением. Следует отметить, что оговорки, имеющие условные значения – if any, if anything, if at all, given (something) и др., часто сводят на нет высказывание всего предложения. В других случаях они имеют усилительное значение. Эти сочетания часто переводятся какими-либо словами с ограничительным или уточняющим значением: только, фактически, едва ли и т.п. Место оговорки в переводе может быть изменено (часто она выносится в конец). Предложения с оговорками часто носят эмфатический характер.
e.g. There are the politicians of various parties and merits and a host of civil servants, professional men, trade-unionists and so on, who, given the opportunity, might serve their country well. (The Times) – В стране много политических деятелей, принадлежащих к различным партиям и обладающих различными достоинствами, много государственных служащих, профессионалов-специалистов, профсоюзных деятелей и так далее, которые, если им предоставить возможность, могут хорошо послужить своей стране.
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Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
- Very few people, if any, still support this idea. (Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
- Over a period I have asked bronchial friends who smoke, what advice, if any, their doctor has given them in this matter. (The Daily Mirror)
- In the morning, if anything, it was colder. (Tanzing)
- A top-level group of American scientists yesterday stated that in the past 20 years the study of flying saucers had little added to scientific knowledge, if at all. (Newsweek)
- There has been little, if any, improvement. (The Guardian)
- Too sweet? – I thought it was a little dry, if anything. (Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
- Is the ship as bad as the newspapers say? Worse, if anything . (Hailey)
- If anything, the membership in Congress ought to be reduced to 400 or less. (The New York Times)
- It appears that the total activity in the economy of Britain may not have increased very much, if at all. (The Times)
- It was a situation of a delicacy to be tactfully approached – if at all. (The Daily Mail)
- Few, if any, political events of recent times have kindled the imagination of free men so strongly or been so widely acclaimed and celebrated. (The Guardian)
- “I’m going out. I’ve got to be free of this house for a while. I don’t know when I’ll come back. Don’t expect me till tomorrow – if then. (Whitney)
- Given the scope and complexity of the work in hand, it will be hardly surprising that the reconstruction will take long. (The Daily Mail)
- I don’t know if I’ll ever finish this opera, let alone if it will ever be performed. (La Mure)
- At this special meeting they hope to announce recommendations which, if accepted by the government, would help to arrest economic decline. (The Guardian)
- Given his failings, Galsworthy’s work still supplies material for the understanding of a section of the social scene in which he grew up. (The Moscow Times).
- The 18th century English explorer Captain James Cook discovered the Great Barrier Reef by the simple, if dangerous, method of sailing straight into it. (The National Geographic)
- As recession looms, managers should be questioning the policies they pursued while the good times rolled – and asking to which, if any, they should be preparing to return when the good times come back. (The Economist)
- At the start of every month I have to send him an account of my earnings, if any. (Paran)
- Once or twice, on Sundays, she saw him walking with a girl, evidently his daughter, and, if possible, still more unhealthy than he was himself. (Gaskell)
- If anything, a school uniform encourages you to develop your own character more. Because you all have to wear the same clothes, you have to try harder to make your individual character stand out. (School Leaver Magazine)
- No doubt many people found marriage a tender, hand-in-hand journey through life… He hadn’t. Instead he had found that marriage did not create companionship. If anything, marriage induced the kind of thoughts it was wise to keep to yourself. (La Mure)
- In 1917 Congress passed an act permitting the President to determine, when, if at all, the National Government should take over and operate the railroads. (Newsweek)
- Rhyme is a repetition of final stressed vowels and final consonants and consonants clusters, if any, but not of initial consonants in the syllable. (Sebeok)
- Few, if any, attempts have been made to study this phenomenon. (The Daily Mail)
- The lower storey was, besides, naked of windows so that the building, if garrisoned, could not be carried without artillery. (Stevenson)
- Evidence collected by the spacecraft shows some present volcanic action, though the volcanoes are believed to be dormant, if not extinct. (The National Geographic)
- “Gold and World Power” is a clear, if somewhat repetitive, tract on the problems of the two reserve currencies.(The Moscow News)
- If you know the other side must reach agreement on a deal by a certain date for financial reasons, your willingness to comply with that date could be worth a great deal of money to them, without costing you much, if anything at all.(The Economist)
- If anything, Britain’s attitude on territories for which it has its direct responsibility is even worse than that of other colonial powers.(The Daily Mirror)
- “Don’t waste any time pitying me”, he said. “I’m not easy on those who victimize others. Nor am I patient with willing victims—if that’s what you are.” (Whitney)
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