Оценка степени вредности и опасности воздуха, содержащего токсичные и взрывоопасные пары и газы



ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

« ДОНБАССКАЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ»

КАФЕДРА «ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ»

 

Журнал лабораторных работ по дисциплине

«Основы охраны труда»

 

 

Студента гр. ___________

______________________

№ варианта____________

Оценка:

№ л.р. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S
Баллы

Макеевка 2018

Лабораторная работа №1

Оценка степени вредности и опасности запыленного воздуха

Цель: приобретение студентами знаний и навыков по оценке степени опасности и вредности пыли и запыленного воздуха, и по принятию решений по защите от чрезмерных, необратимых, отрицательных проявлений пыли и запыленного воздуха.

Расчетные формулы:

1) Концентрация пыли в воздухе СФ, мг/м3:

где P1 – масса фильтра до протягивания через него воздуха, мг;

P2 – масса фильтра после протягивания через него пробы воздуха, мг;

VО – объём воздуха, который протягивается через фильтр (VЭ), приведенный к нормальным условиям.

2) Объём воздуха, протянутый через фильтр, приведенный к нормальным условиям, м3:

где VЭ – объём воздуха протянутого через фильтр при температуре tВ (оС) и барометрическом давлении ВЭ (КПа), м3.

3) Объём воздуха, протянутый через фильтр во время эксперимента, м3:

где Vа – постоянный расход аспиратора (Vа = 0,245), м3;

Тэ – время просасывания воздуха через фильтр, мин.

 

 

Методы измерений:

                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Выводы:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

Тест № 1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Оценка                                                           Подпись


Лабораторная работа №2

Исследование искусственного освещения

Цель: получение навыков оценки состояния искусственного освещения с точки зрения его опасности, вредности и соответствия санитарным нормам, а также выбора рациональных мероприятий по обеспечению его безопасности, безвредности и соответствия нормам.

Расчетные формулы:

1) Измеренная цилиндрическая освещенность Е цил. изм. :

где Е1, Е2, Е3, Е4 – результаты измерений вертикальной освещенности.

Протокол 1

Рабочее место студента, Ф.И.О.

Цилиндрическая освещенность , лк

Фактическая (приведенная) По нормам для учебных аудиторий
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
               
               

 

 

Протокол 2 – Результаты измерения освещенности в горизонтальной плоскости при искусственном освещении в ауд. 303

 

 

№ точки  в точке № точки  в точке № точки  в точке № точки  в точке
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1   14   27   40  
2   15   28   41  
3   16   29   42  
4   17   30   43  
5   18   31   44  
6   19   32   45  
7   20   33   46  
8   21   34   47  
9   22   35   48  
10   23   36   49  
11   24   37   50  
12   25   38   51  
13   26   39   52  

Выводы:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

Рекомендации:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Схема размещения на плане помещения изолюкс:

 

 

Тест № 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Оценка                                                           Подпись

 

Лабораторная работа №3

Исследование и оценка параметров метеорологических условий производственной среды

Цель:  исследование и оценка основных параметров метеорологических условий производственной среды с разработкой рекомендаций по снижению их отрицательного воздействия на организм работающего.

Расчетные формулы:

1) Относительная влажность воздуха  φ, %:

    

где  — максимальная влажность при температуре сухого термометра, мм.рт.ст.

2) Абсолютная влажность  для использованного психрометра, мм.рт.ст.:

где  0,5 - постоянный психрометрический коэффициент;

- максимальная влажность воздуха при температуре влажного

термометра

tсух.,tвл. - показания температуры соответственно сухого и

влажного термометров, оС.

Методы измерений:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Протокол 3 – Итоговые результаты измерений параметров микроклимата

Характеристика рабочего места)

Параметры микроклимата

Расчетные или измеренные

Нормативные, согласно

ДСН 3.3.6-042-99

Соответствие нормативным значениям

оптимальные допустимые
1 2 3 4 5 6

 

Температура воздуха t, oC        
Относительная влажность воздуха r, %        
Скорость движения воздуха ν, м/с        

Выводы:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

Рекомендации:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Тест № 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Оценка                                                           Подпись

Лабораторная работа №4

Оценка степени вредности и опасности воздуха, содержащего токсичные и взрывоопасные пары и газы

Цель: приобретение студентами навыков оценки степени вредности и опасности воздуха, содержащего токсичные и взрывоопасные газы и пары, принцип работы газоанализатора.

Расчетные формулы:

1) Нижний концентрационный предел воспламенения исследованных газов и паров, приведенных к температуре воздуха tвонt , % ):

где:       

 φон – нижний концентрационный предел воспламенения газа или пара в воздухе при атмосферном давлении;

2) Нижний концентрационный предел воспламенения исследованных газов и паров, приведенных к температуре воздуха tв (НКПВt , г/м3):

где:    

М – молекулярная масса вещества;

Вэ – барометрическое давление в момент проведения эксперимента, кПа.

 

Методы измерений:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Выводы:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Рекомендации:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

Тест № 4

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Оценка                                                           Подпись

 

 

Лабораторная работа №5


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