Task 18. Speaking. Discuss the following questions.
1. What are the most important aspects of database use?
2. Why is it so important to have a little background in query languages?
3. What does the abbreviation SQL stand for?
4. How does a query language like SQL work?
5. How does a simple SQL query look like?
6. How does SQL specify the action that someone wants to carry out in the database? Speak on the most commonly used SQL command words.
7. How does SQL specify which table to use?
8. How do SQL queries carry out searches?
9. Is it possible to change the contents of records or to update a group of records? What does the process of purchasing cause?
10. How is the date retrieved from more than one table at a time? What command allows you to access the data in more than one table?
Task 19. Do the tasks in the following test.
1. A(n) … file is a structured file containing only one record type … .
2. All of the following consider the advantages of using static Web publishing to display data on a Web page, EXEPT … .
a) your data remains secure
b) most entry-level DBMSs provide the capability to produce an HTML page
c) users can change your data d) it provides a “snapshot” of your data
3. Modern database software supports data …, which means keeping data separated from the program modules that manipulate the data.
4. The first step to organize a relational database is to organize the data into a field. (True/ False)
5. In a relational database, an attribute is equivalent to a record. (True/False)
6. A(n) … is a collection of data fields that pertain to an entity, such as a person, place, or thing.
7. One of the goals of a normalization process is to minimize data … .
8. SQL … includes SELECT, FROM and INSERT.
9. ASP, CGI, and PHP are used to create XML documents that are processed on a server before being sent to your browser. (True/False)
10. In SQL, the JOIN command allows you to add fields to a database. (True/False)
11. Spreadsheet software typically includes some data management features suitable for working with a relational database. (True/False)
12. A database index has no bearing on the physical sequence of records stored on a disk. (True/False)
13. Data … refers to the use of statistical tools for automated extraction of predictive information from a database.
14. An SQL query is a sequence of words, much like a sentence. (True/False)
15. Once a table’s sort key has been added, it cannot be changed. (True/False)
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16. In an ERD, relationships and … are shown by connecting lines.
17. A primary … contains data unique to a record.
18. The term “parameter” refers to detailed specifications for a command. (True/False)
19. Real, integer, text, logical, BLOB and date are examples of data … .
20. A database consists of one or more records … that contain data.
LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Exercise 1. Choose the right variant.
l. Let's have lunch in half an hour, ... ?
2. It is the first time that she (drive) a car. - I never (drive) a car (either, too).
3. Mr. Grey was (—, a, the) last person to arrive (at, to, for) the party. He (wait) for a taxi for an hour.
4. Soho (be) a cosmopolitan area since the first immigrants, who (be) French Huguenots, (arrive) here in (-, a, the) 1680s.
5. Coffee seeds which also (know) as beans first (roast) and then they (grind) to make coffee.
6. Coffee grounds then (process) in a variety of different ways. Sometimes they (filter) and sometimes they (soak) in water to (make, do) the drink which is popular (by, with, within) so many people.
7. His innocence (prove) in (a, the, -) court and he (set) free.
8. Five hundred thousand pounds (was, were) donated to build a new hospital wing.
9. I found a briefcase (on, in, into) the train. -You (ought to, can, may) take it to the police station as soon as possible.
10. You (would, shall, must) pay the bills today. - I know, I promise. I (not, forget).
11. (May, shall, will) you give me a lift to work tomorrow? -Yes, I (pick)you up at eight o'clock.
12. They (be) married for ten years already. He is (deep, deeply) in love with her.
13. She (not, feel) well lately. She has arrived (late, lately) for the meeting.
14. ... historian is ... person who studies ... history, (a, the, —)
15. We stayed at ... hotel by ... sea. ... room was very comfortable and ... view was fantastic, (a, the, -)
16. I don't believe in ... ghosts. I think that ... supernatural is ... product of ... people's imagination, (a, the, -)
17. Of course, most heating systems come ... and ... automatically nowadays, (by, on, off, of)
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18. One should do (one, one's) best at all times.
19. The two bank clerks blamed (themselves, itself, oneself) for the robbery.
20. You are typing so fast. If you (type) more slowly, you (not, make) so many mistakes.
21. Many famous men (live) in Soho as it (have) a reputation for attracting artists, writers, poets and people in (-, a, the) media.
22. (A, the, -) Sheftesbury Avenue (be) the heart of London's theatre land, and there (be) endless clubs, pubs and cafes
23. It is said if you (wait) long enough at (a, the, -) Piccadilly Circus, you (meet) everyone you ever (know).
24. Travelling abroad (get) (easy) and (easy) for (a, the, -) young people nowadays.
25. Great importance (place) (on, at, for) exam results in this school.
26. The wedding reception (hold) in (a, the, -) small hotel in a week.
27. The construction of the new shopping centre (complete) already in our city.
28. Unless you (be) more careful, you (have) accidents.
29. The Prime Minister (be to, must, can) give a speech (at, on, in) the conference tomorrow.
30. (Would, could, can) you mind my (stay, staying) here for some days?
31. They (could, might, should) have forgotten about the meeting, that's why they (not, come).
32. We admired the stars twinkling (high, highly) in (a, the, -)dark sky.
33. Our neighbour (operate) by a (high, highly) respected doctor. He is in (a, the, -) hospital now.
34. ... clothes I bought yesterday (be) very cheap. There was ... sale in one of ... departments stores in ... city centre. (a/an, the, -)
35. ... Rome wasn't built in ... day. (a/an, the, -)
36. ... Actions speak (loud) than ... words, (a/an, the, -)
37. You can take what you want (off, of, from, out) the fruit in that box.
38. Operations were difficult in the 18th century. In (those, that, these) days there (be) no anesthetic.
39. Sam would like to marry a girl younger than (his, him, himself).
40. I can't buy everything you want. If I (buy) everything you ask, I (be) ruined soon.
Emphasizing: cleft sentences
| Compare these sentences: 1. We need an electronic version available anywhere and updated regularly. 2. What we need is an electronic version available anywhere and updated regularly. In (2) the object of the sentence is made more important. We can use What ...be in this way to emphasise the subject or object of a sentence. | Now compare these: 3. Babbage invented the world's first mechanical computer. 4. It was Babbage who invented the world's first mechanical computer. 5. It was the world's first mechanical computer that Babbage invented. We can use it is/was... that/who to emphasise almost any part of a sentence. |
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