К главе 6 Человеческая агрессия



 

1. Newsweek, April 28, 1986, p. 22.

 

 

2. Rousseau, J.-J. (1930). Thesocial contract and discources. New York: Dutton. Рус. пер. с франц. -Руссо Ж.-Ж. О причинах неравенства. СПб., 1907.

 

 

3. Freud, S. (1948). Beyond the pleasure principle. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis. Рус. пер. с нем.: Фрейд 3. По ту сторону принципа наслаждения. - В кн.: Фрейд Зигмунд. ‹Я› и ‹Оно›. Труды разных лет. Книга 1. Тбилиси: 1991.

 

 

4. Freud, S. (1959). Why war? (letter to Albert Einstein, 1932). In E. Jones (Ed.), Collected papers (Vol. 5, p. 282). New York: Basic Books.

 

 

5. Storr, A. (1970). Human aggression. New York: Bantam.

 

 

6. Кио, Z.Y. (1961). Genesis of the cat's response to the rat. In Instinct (p. 24). Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

 

 

7. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1. (1963). Aggressive behavior and ritualized fighting in animals. In J.H.Masserman (Ed.), Science and psychoanalysis, Vol. VI. Violence and war. New York: Crune and Stratton.

 

 

8. Scott, J.P. (1958). Aggression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

 

 

9. Lorenz, K. (1966). On aggression. (M.Wilson, trans.). New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Рус. пер. с нем. - Лоренц К. Агрессия (так называемое ‹зло›). М.: Изд. группа ‹Прогресс›. ‹Универс›, 1994.

 

 

10. Berkowiti, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73.

 

 

11. Hunt, G. Т. (1940). The wars of the Iroquois. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.

 

 

12. Lagerspeti, K. (1979). Modification of aggressiveness in mice. In S. Feshbach and A. Fraczek (Eds.), Aggression in behavior change. New York: Praeger.

 

 

13. Lorenz.K. On aggression.

 

 

14. Washbum, S., amp; Hamburg, D. (1965). The implications ofprirnate research. In 1. DeVore (Ed.), Primate behavior: Field studies of monkeys and apes (pp. 607-622). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

 

 

15. LeBoeaf, B. (1974). Male-male competition and reproductive success in elephant seals. American Zoologist, 14, 163-176.

 

 

16. Montagu, A. (1950). On being human. New York: Hawthorne Books.

 

 

17. Kropotkin, P. (1902). Mutual aid. New York: Doubleday. Рус. пер. с англ.: Кропоткин П. Взаимная помощь как фактор эволюции. Пер. с англ. В. Батуринского под ред. автора. СПб., 1907 (В кн.: Сочинения. Т. 7).

 

 

18. Nissen, Н., amp; Crawford, М.Р. (1936). Preliminary study of food-sharing behavior in young chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 22, 383-419.

 

 

19. Time, October 7, 1974.

 

 

20. Leakey, R., amp; Lewin, R. (1978). People of the lake. New York: Anchor Press/ Doubleday.

 

 

21. Eisley, L. (1946). The immense journey (p.140). New York: Random House.

 

 

22. Menninger, W. (1948). Recreation and mental health. Recreation, 42, 340-346.

 

 

23. Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression. New York: McGraw-Hill.

 

 

24. Patterson, A. (1974, September). Hostility catharsis: A naturalistic quasi-experiment. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans.

 

 

25. Johnson, W. (1970, October). Guilt-free aggression for the troubled jock. Psychology Today, pp. 70-73.

 

 

26. Russell, G. (1981). Spectator moods at an aggressive sports event. Journal of Social Psychology, 3,217-227.

 

 

27. Feshbach, S. (1955). The drive-reducing function of fantasy behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 50, 3-11.

 

 

28. Hokanson, J., amp; Burgess, M. (1962). The effects of three types of aggression on vascular process. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 446-449.

 

 

29. Geen, R., amp; Quanty, M. (1977). The catharsis of aggression: An evaluation of the hypothesis. In L.Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 1-36). New York: Academic Press.

 

 

30. Geen, R., Stonner, D., amp; Shape, G. (1975). The facilitation of aggression by aggression: A study in response inhibition and disinhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 721-726.

 

 

31. Ebbesen, E., Duncan, В., amp; Konecni, V. (1975). Effects of content on verbal aggression: A field experiment. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, II, 192-204.

 

 

32. Glass, D. (1964). Changes in liking as a means of reducing cognitive discrepancies between self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 32, 531-549. Davis, K.E., amp; Jones, E.E. (1960). Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 402- 410. CM. также: Buss, A.H. (1963). Physical aggression in relation to different frustrations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 1-7.

 

 

33. Kahn, M. (1966). The physiology of catharsis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 278-298. CM. также: Berkowit^, L., Green, J., amp; Macauley, J. (1962). Hostility catharsis as the reduction of emotional tension. Psychiatry, 25, 23-31; и DeCharms, R., amp; Wilkins, E.J. (1963). Some effects of verbal expression of hostility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 462-4.70.

 

 

34. Doob, A.N., amp; Wood, L. (1972). Catharsis and aggression: The effects of annoyance and retaliation on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22,156-162.

 

 

35. Freud, Why war?, p. 282.

 

 

36. Archer, D. amp; Gartner, R. (1976). Violent acts and violent times: A comparative approach to postwar homicide rates. American Sociological Review, 41, 937-963.

 

 

37. Lorenz, On aggression. Menninger, Recreation and mental health.

 

 

38. Klapper, J. (1960). The effects of mass communication. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

 

 

39. Bandura, A., Ross, D., amp; Ross, S. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575- 582. Bandura, A., Ross, D., amp; Ross, S. (1963). A comparative test of the status envy, social power, and secondary reinforcement theories of identiFicatory learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 527-534. Bandura,A., Ross, D., amp; Ross, S. (1963). Vicarious reinforcement and initiative learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67,601-607.

 

 

40. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Signorielli, N., amp; Morgan, M. (1980). Television violence, victimization, and power. American Behavioral Scientist, 23, 705-716. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., amp; Signorielli, N. (1986). Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. In J. Bryant and D. Zillman (Eds.), Perspectives on media effects (pp. 17-40). Hilisdale, NJ: Eribaum.

 

 

41. Liebert, R., amp; Baron, R. (1972). Some immediate effects of televised violence on children's behavior. Developmental Psychology, 6, 469-475.

 

 

42. Parke, R., Berkowitz, L., Leyens, J., West, S., amp; Sebastian, R. (1977). Some effects of violent and nonviolent movies on the behavior of juvenile delinquents. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 135-172). New York: Academic Press.

 

 

43. Eron, L.R., amp; Huesmann, R. (1980). Adolescent aggression and television. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 347, 319-331.

 

 

44. Huesmann, R., Lagerspetz, K., amp; Eron, L. (1984). Intervening variables in the TV violence-aggression relation: Evidence from two countries. Developmental Psychology, 20, 746-775.

 

 

45. Eron, L., amp; Huesmann, L.R. (1986). The role of television in the development of prosocial and antisocial behavior. In D. Olweus, J. Block, and M. Radke-Yarrow (Eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues (pp. 285-314). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

 

 

46. Josephson, W.D. (1987). Television violence and children's aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disinhibition prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53,882-890.

 

 

47. Thomas, M.H., Norton, R., Lippincott, E., amp; Drabman.R. (1977). Desensitization to portrayals of real-life aggression as a function of exposure to television violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 450-458.

 

 

48. См. недавний обзор исследований по данному вопросу: Phillips.D.P.

(1986). Natural experiments on the effects of mass media violence on fatal aggression: Strengths and weaknesses of a new approach. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 207-250). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

 

 

49. Phillips, D.P. (1983).The impact of mass mediaviolence on U.S.homicides. American Sociological Review, 48, 560-568.

 

 

50. Phillips, D.P. (1986).Natural experiments on the effects of mass mediavio-lence on fatal aggression: Strengths and weaknesses of a new approach. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 207-250). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

 

 

51. The violence bag. (1971, December 13). Newsweek, p. 110,

 

 

52. Drop that gun, Captain Video. (1975, March 10). Newsweek, pp. 81-82.

 

 

53. Harbert, Т. (1993). Interview with Charlie Rose, PBS.

 

 

54. Diener, E., amp; Defour, D. (1978). Does television violence enhance program popularity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 333-341.

 

 

55. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1990). Uniform Crime Reports for the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

 

 

56. Malamuth, N.M. (1983). Factors associated with rape as predictors of laboratory aggression against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 432- 442. Malamuth, N.M. (1986). Predictors of naturalistic sexual aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 953-962.

 

 

57. Donnerstein, E. (1980). Aggressive erotica and violence against women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 269-277.

 

 

58. Malamuth N. (1981). Rape fantasies as a function of exposure to violent sexual stimuli. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 10, 33-47.

 

 

59. Malamuth, N., amp; Check, J. (1981). The effects of mass media exposure on acceptance of violence against women: A field experiment. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 436-446.

 

 

60. Foa, P. (1978). What's wrong with rape. In M. Vetterling-Broggin, F. Ellison, and J. English (Eds.), Feminism and philosophy (p. 355). Totowa, NJ: Littlefield Adams.

 

 

61. Malamuth, N., Haber, S., amp; Feshbach, S. (1980). Testing hypothesis regarding rape: Exposure to sexual violence, sex differences, and the ‹normality› of rapists. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 121-137.

 

 

62. Check, J., amp; Malamuth, N. (1983),Can there be positive effects of participation in pornography experiments? Journal of Sex Research, 20, 14-31,

 

 

63. Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., amp; Penrod, S. (1988). Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55,758-768.

 

 

64. Barker, R., Dembo, Т., amp; Lewin, K. (1941). Frustration and aggression: An experiment with young children. University of Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, 18, 1-314.

 

 

65. Harris, M. (1974). Mediators between frustration and aggression in a Field experiment. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 10, 561-571.

 

 

66. Kulik, J., amp; Brown, R. (1979). Frustration, attribution ofbiame, and aggression. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 15, 183-194.

 

 

67. Tocqueville, A. ^(1981). Democracy in America. Westminster, MD: Random House. Рус. пер. - Токвиль А. Демократия в Америке. M.: Прогресс, 1992.

 

 

68. Mallick, S., amp; McCandless, В. (1966). A study of catharsis of aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 591-596.

 

 

69. Johnson, Т.Е., amp; Rule, B.G. (1986). Mitigating circumstances information, censure, and aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 537-542.

 

 

70. Josephson, W.L. (1987). Television violence and children's aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disihibition predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53,882-890.

 

 

71. Berkowitz, L. (1965). Some aspects of observed aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 359-369.

 

 

72. Berkowitz,L., amp; Geen, R. (1966). Film violence and the cue properties of available targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 525-530.

 

 

73. Berkowitz, L., amp; LePage, A. (1967). Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 202-207.

 

 

74. Berkowitz, L. (1971). Control of aggression (p. 68). Unpublished.

 

 

75. Zimbardo, P. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In W. Arnold and D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 17, 237-307.

 

 

76. Mullen, В. (1986). Atrocity as a function of lynch mob composition: A self-attention perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 187-197.

 

 

77. Clark, К. (1971). The pathos of power: A psychological perspective. American Psychologist, 26,1047-1057.

 

 

78. Aristotle (1954). Rhetoric. In W.R. Roberts (Trans.), Aristotle, rhetoric and poetics (p. 22). New York: Modern Library. Рус. пер. - ‹Риторика Аристотеля›.

 

 

79. Sears, R., Maccoby, E., amp; Levin, H. (1957). Patterns of child rearing. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson. Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887-907. Becker, W. (1964). Consequences of different kinds of parental discipline. In M.L.Hoffman and L.W.Hoffman (Eds.), Review of Child Development Research (Vol. 1). New York: Russell Sage. Owens, D., amp; Straus, M. (1975). The social structure of violence in childhood and approval of violence as an adult. Aggressive Behavior, 1, 193-211.

 

 

80. Hamblin, R., Buckholt, D., Bushell, D., Ellis, D., amp; Ferritor, D. (1969, January). Changing the game from ‹get the teacher› to ‹learn›. Trans-Action, pp. 20-31.

 

 

81. ffaney, С. (1979).Apsychologistlooksatthecriminaijusticesystem. InA. Calvin (Ed.), Challenges and alternatives to the American criminal justice system (pp. 77-85). Ann Arbor, MI: University International Press.

 

 

82. Eichmann, C. (1966). The impact of the Gideon decision on crime and sentencing in Florida. Tallahassee, FL: Division of Corrections Publications.

 

 

83. ffaney, C., Banks, C., amp; Zimbardo, P. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, /, 69-97.

 

 

84. Aronson, E., amp; Carlsmith, J.M. (1963). The effect of severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 584-588. Freedman, J. (1965). Long-term behavioral effects of cognitive dissonance. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 1, 145-155.

 

 

85. Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school-children: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In D. Pepler amp; K. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Hilisdale, NJ: Eribaum.

 

 

86. U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). The challenge of crime in afree society: A report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

 

 

87. Bandura, A., Ross, D., amp; Ross, S. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3-11. Bandura, A., Ross, D., amp; Ross, S. (1963). Vicarious reinforcement and imitative learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67,601-607.

 

 

88. Brown, P., amp; Elliot, R. (1965). Control of aggression in a nursery school class. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2, 103-107.

 

 

89. Davits, J. (1952). The effects of previous training on postfrustration behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 309-315.

 

 

90. Baron, R.A., amp; Kepner, C.R. (1970). Model's behavior and attraction toward the model as determinants of adult aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14,335-344.

 

 

91. Baron, R.A. (1976). The reduction of human aggression: A field study of the influence of incompatible reactions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 260-274.

 

 

92. Feshbach, S. (1971). Dynamics and morality of violence and aggression: Some psychological considerations. American Psychologist, 26, 281-292.

 

 

93. Michener, J. (1971). Kent State: What happened and why. New York: Random House.

 

 

94. Feshbach, N., amp; Feshbach, S. (1969). The relationship between empathy and aggression in two age groups. Development Psychology, 1, 102-107.

 

 

95. Feshbach, N. (1978, March). Empathy training: A field study in affective education. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Feshbach, N., amp; Feshbach, S. (1981, April). Empathy training and the regulation of aggression: Potentialities and limitations. Paper presented at the convention of the Western Psychological Association.

 

 

96. Hammock, G.S., amp; Richardson, D.R. (1992). Aggression as one response to conflict. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 298-311.

 

 

К главе 7 Предрассудок

 

1. Poussaint, Л. (1971), A Negro psychiatrist explains the Negro psyche, in Confrontation (pp. 183-184). New York: Random House.

 

 

2. Clark, K., amp; Clark, M. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T.M. Newcomb and E.L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in Social Psychology (pp. 169-178). New York: Holt.

 

 

3. Goldberg, P. (1968, April). Are women prejudiced against women? Trans-Action, pp. 28-30.

 

 

4. Jemmott, J.B., amp; Consoles, E. (1989). Social status, the status distribution, and performance in small groups. Journal of'Applied Social Psychology, 19, 584-598.

 

 

5. Hraba, J., amp; Grant, G. (1970). Black is beautiful: A reexamination of racial prejudice and identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 398-402. Banks, С. (1976). White preference in blacks: A paradigm in search of a phenomenon. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1179-1186. Ward, С. (1979). Differential evaluation of male and female expertise: Prejudice against women? British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 65-69. Ward, С. (1981). Prejudice against women: Who, when, and why? Sex Roles, 7, 163-171.

 

 

6. Petfigrew, Т.Е. (1989). The nature of modern racism in the United States. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 2, 291-303.

 

 

7. Time, February 2, 1987, pp. 18-21.

 

 

8. AIlporf, G. (1954, 1980). The nature of prejudice {p. 13). Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.

 

 

9. Newsweek, November 25, 1974, p. 39.

 

 

10. Neugarten,B. (1946). Social class and friendship among schoolchildren. American Journal ofSociology, 5/, 305-313.

 

 

11. Bond, C.F., Jr., DiCandia, C.G., amp; MacKinnon, J.R. (1988). Response to violence in a psychiatric setting: The role of the patient's race. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14,448-458.

 

 

12. Bodenhausen, G., amp; Wyer, R. (1985). Effects of stereotypes on decision making and information-processing strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 267-282.

 

 

13. Shafer, D.R., amp; Wallace, A. (1990). Belief congruence and evaluator homophobia as determinants of the attractiveness of competent homosexual and heterosexual males. Journal of Psychology amp; Human Sexuality, 3, 67-87.

 

 

14. Steele, С. (1992, April). Race and the schooling of black Americans. The Atlantic Monthly, pp. 68-78.

 

 

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16. Pettigrew, T.F. (1979). The ultimate atrribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 461-476.

 

 

17. Ibid.

 

 

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39. Bern, D., amp; Bern, S. (1970, November). We're all nonconscious sexists. Psychology Today, pp. 22-26,115-116.

 

 

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