The author is both a classroom teacher and a writer.

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3. Do you think the author managed to communicate his ideas to the class effectively? If so, say how he did it.

C) Discuss the article in pairs.

D) Give suggestions of your own how to conduct an interesting and effective lesson of English (in any stage) that would involve all the members of the class in work. Describe a few techniques that would maintain interest.

IV. Select a picture or series of pictures that you believe would be essential to teach a specific aspect of English at school to make it both instructive and enter taining. Be ready to tell the class how you would use it.

V. Make a round-table talk to discuss the problems raised in this section.

Key Words and Expressions: to get started; to follow through; to get oneself ready to work; to overcome smth.; to come up with нагонять a per­sonal solution; to have a personal style; to have feedback from the class; clear aims and objectives; in (at) the primary/intermediate/ advanced stage; to stimulate thinking; active response on the part of the class, etc.

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UNIT ONE

TEXT ONE

 THE PASSIONATE  YEAR

By James Hilton

(Fragments)

James Hilton (1900—1954) was born in England and educated  at Cambridge where he wrote his first novel, "Catherine Herself". His first big success came with the publication of "Good-bye, Mr. Chips". It was dramatized  and filmed. "Lost Horizon " published in 1933 was awarded the Hawthornden  Prize. Some of his other books are: "We Are Not Alone" (1937), "Random случайная Harvest  жатва" (1941), "Nothing So Strange" (1947), "Time and Time Again" (1953). A resident of the United States since 1935, he died in Long Beach, California.

(Kenneth Speed, B.A., a young Master at Millstead Boarding School for boys, was warned that the first night he takes prep¹ подготовку he might be ragged²  над ним могли подшутить as it was a sort of school tradition that they always tried to rag подшучивать над teachers that night.

Preparation for the whole school was held in Millstead Big Hall, a huge vault  склеп, подвал-like chamber  комната in which desks were ranged in long rows ряды and where Master in charge дежурный sat on high at a desk on a raised dais  помосте, кафедре.)

Speed was very nervous as he took his seat on the dais  помосте, кафедре at five to seven and watched the school straggling  двигающуюся вразброд to their places. They came in quietly enough, but there was an atmosphere  of subdued  подавляемого expect­ancy of which Speed was keenly conscious ; the boys stared  about them, grinned at each other, seemed as if they were waiting for some­thing to happen. Nevertheless, at five past seven all was perfectly quiet and orderly, although it was obvious that little work was being done. Speed felt rather as if he were sitting on a powder-magazine  пороховом погребе, and there was a sense in which he was eager for the storm to break.

At about a quarter past seven a banging громкие удары of desk-lids крышек began at the far end of the hall.

He stood up and said, quietly, but in a voice that carried well: "I don't want to be hard on anybody, so I'd better warn you that I shall punish any disorderliness  very severely ."

There was some tittering  хихикание, and for a moment or so he wondered if he had made a fool of himself.

Then he saw a bright весёлый, rather pleasant-faced boy in one of the back rows deliberately  raise a desk-lid and drop it with a bang громким стуком. Speed con­sulted the map of the desks that was in front of him and by counting down the rows discovered the boy's name to be Worsley. He wondered

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how the name should be pronounced — whether the first syllable should rhyme with "purse" or with "horse". Instinct in him, that un­canny  сверхъестественное feeling for atmosphere , embarked  подвигло him on an outrageously  неистово bold  смелое adventure, nothing less than a piece of facetiousness  шутки, the most dan­gerous weapon средство in a new Master's armoury  арсенале, and the one most of all like­ly to recoil  поплатиться on himself. He stood up again and said: "Wawsley or Wurssley — however you call yourself — you have a hundred lines копирование текста в качестве наказания!"³

The whole assembly  сбор roared with laughter. That frightened him a little. Supposing they did not stop laughing! He remembered an occasion at his own school when a class had ragged  подшутили a certain Master very neatly искусно and subtly  by pretending to go off взорваться into hysterics of laugh­ter at some trifling  лёгкую witticism  остроту of his.

When the laughter subsided  утих, a lean тощий, rather clever-looking boy rose up in the front row but one and said, impudently  нахально: "Please sir, I'm Worsley. I didn't do anything."

Speed replied promptly: "Oh, didn't you? Well, you've got a hun­dred lines, anyway."

"What for, sir" — in hot indignation  возмущении.

"For sitting in your wrong desk."

Again the assembly  сбор laughed, but there was no mistaking the re­spectfulness that underlay the merriment  оживление. And, as a matter of fact, the rest of the evening passed entirely without incident. After the others had gone, Worsley came up to the dais  помост, кафедру accompanied by the pleasant-faced boy who dropped the desk-lid. Worsley pleaded  попросил for the remission освобождение of his hundred lines, and the other boy supported him urging  настаивая that it was he and not Worsley who had dropped the lid.

"And what's your name?" asked Speed.

"Naylor, sir."

"Very well, Naylor, you and Worsley can share the hundred lines between you." He added smiling: "I've no doubt you're neither of you worse than anybody else but you must pay the penalty  наказание of being pio­neers."

They went away laughing.

That night Speed went into Clanwell's room for a chat before bedtime, and Clanwell congratulated him fulsomely  льстиво on his success­ful passage of the ordeal  суровое испытание.⁴ "As a matter of fact," Clanwell said, "I happen to know that they'd prepared a star benefit  performance  for you but that you put them off отделался от них, somehow, from the beginning. The

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Prefects  старосты класса⁵ get to hear узнают of these things and they tell me. Of course, I don't take any official notice of them. It doesn't matter to me what plans people make — it's when any are put into execution  исполнение that I wake up. Anyhow, you may be interested to know that the members of School House⁶ subscribed over fifteen shillings to purchase  купить fireworks  фейерверки which they were going to let off выпалить after the switches had been turned off! Alas for fond hopes ruined!"

Clanwell and Speed leaned back in their armchairs and roared with laughter.

Commentary

1. to take prep: to be in charge дежурный of preparation of lessons in a reg­ular period at school.

2. to rag (coll): to play practical jokes on; treat roughly.

3. You have a hundred lines: Copying text is a common penalty  наказание for misbehaviour in English and American schools.

4. Ordeal  суровое испытание: in early times, a method of deciding a person's guilt or in­ nocence by his capacity  to pass some test such as passing through fire, taking poison, putting his hand in boiling water, or fighting his accus­er. It was thought that god would protect the innocent  person (to sub­mit to the ordeal by battle; ordeal by fire, etc.). Now it means any severetest of character or endurance, as to passthrough a terribleordeal.Eg. It was his turn to speak now, so he braced himself up for the ordeal  суровое испытание.

5. Prefects  старосты класса: in some English schools senior boys to whom a cer­tain amount of authority is given.

6. House: (here) a boarding-house attached to and forming a por­tion of a public school. Also, the company of boys lodged in such a house. E.g. I'm as proud of the house as any one. I believe it's the best house in the school, out-and-out.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Notes

1. subdue  1) а) подчинять, покорять, подавлять (физически) б) подавлять, смирять (чувства, эмоции) 2) смягчать; ослаблять, снижать 3) обрабатывать землюvt 1) conquer; overcome; bring under control, as to subdue nature 2) soften; make quiet or less strong, e . g . The enemy fire was subdued . Lunch was somewhat of an ordeal  суровое испытание, all the present being subdued  by the preceding scene.-He was unusually subdued that night. Also: subdued light, spirits, voices, etc.

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2. conscious  1) сознательный, осознанный 2) сознающий 3) ощущающий 4) здравый; мыслящий 5) находящийся в сознании, сознательный 6) обладающий самосознанием, самосознающий a 1) aware, knowing, as to be conscious of pain, cold, etc., e.g. I'm conscious of my guilt (i.e. I know I've done wrong). The teacher should be conscious of any subtle change of atmosphere  in his class (i.e. The teacher should feel and realize any change of atmosphere). She was far more politically conscious than her husband (i.e. She knew more about the political life and her es­timation of it was more objective). 2) (of actions and feelings) real­ized by oneself, e.g. He spoke with conscious superiority (i.e. realiz­ing that he was superior), -conscious (in compound words), as self-conscious, class-conscious, dress-conscious, etc., e.g. With a dress-conscious person clothes may become an obsession: he doesn't see even himself as an individual, but as a kind of tailor's dummy to hang the latest trophy on.

Note: Don'i confuse conscious and conscientious [ˏkɒnʃɪ′enʃəs] добросовестный, сознательный, честный (об отношении к чему-л.), e.g. Being a most conscientious worker, she wondered how she should act in this kind of situation. Your paper is a truly conscientious piece of work.

3. grin скалить зубы; осклабиться; ухмыляться vi/t 1) smile broadly and in such a way that the teeth can be seen (to express amusement, contempt or satisfaction), e.g. The
boy grinned from ear to ear when I gave him the apple. He was grinning with delight, grin and bear it улыбаться и терпеть, скрывать под улыбкой свои переживания; мужественно переносить страдания; ≈ делать хорошую мину при плохой игре endure pain or trouble without complaint 2) express by grinning, e.g. He grinned his delight.

grin оскал зубов; усмешкаn, e.g. There was a broad grin on his face. His sardonic grin aroused my anger.

4. orderly  1) аккуратный, опрятный 2) правильный, упорядоченный 3) дисциплинированный, организованный 4) спокойный, 5) дежурныйa 1) well arranged; in good order; tidy, as an orderly room, e.g. The books were ranged alphabetically on the orderly shelves. 2) peaceful; well behaved, as an orderly crowd (election,
assembly  сбор, etc.) 3) (mil. use) concerned with carrying out orders, as
the orderly officer, the orderly room. Anf. disorderly, e.g. He was
arrested for disorderly conduct. The disorderly crowd straggled in
the direction of the Town Hall.

orderliness  1) аккуратность, методичность; порядок 2) подчинение законам n, e.g. She made a mental note of the perfect orderli­ness and discipline  at the lesson. Ant. disorderliness  n, e.g. Speed said he would punish any disorderliness very severely .

5. outrageous  1) возмутительный; оскорбительный; вопиющий 2) странный, бросающийся в глаза 3) жестокий, неистовый a shocking; beyond all reasonable limits; very cru­el, immoral, offensive or insulting, as outrageous behaviour, e.g. This
outrageous remark was followed by shocked silence.

outrageously  неистово adv, e.g. The book was proclaimed to be outra­geously indecent and banned in most countries.

outrage 1) грубое нарушение (закона, прав, приличий) ; произвол; акт насилия 2) возмущение, гнев, негодование 3) возмутительный случай, поступокn 1) extreme violence; violent transgression of law or decency, as an act of outrage; never to be safe from outrage 2) (with

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an ind. art.) a very wrong or cruel act of physical injury to another person's property, or to the person himself, or to his feelings, e.gr.The dropping of bombs on women and children is an outrage against humanity. Coll. Just look at the hat she's wearing; it's an outrage!

outrage 1) оскорблять, шокировать 2) приводить в гнев, в ярость, 3) преступать закон, грубо нарушать права; совершать насилие vt treat violently; injure severely ; treat with scorn, as to outrage public opinion (do smth. that everybody thinks wrong)

6. neat 1) чёткий, ясный, точный 2) лаконичный, отточенный (о стиле, языке) 3) ясный, чистый, очищенный от лишнего; итоговый 4) аккуратный, опрятный, чистый; чистоплотный 5) изящный 6) искусный, ловкий 7) а) хорошо сделанный, аккуратно выполненный l б) искусный, хорошо приготовленный в) такой, какой нужно, подходящий 8) чистый, неразбавленный (обычно о напитках) 9) редкий, редкостный a 1) clean and in good order, as a neat room, to keep smth. as neat as a pin 2) well-formed; pleasing in shape and appearance, e.g. She has a very neat figure. Your handwriting is very neat. 3) in good taste; simply and pleasantly arranged, as a neat dress 4) done with skill and care, as a neat piece of work 5) (of style, language, remarks) short and clever; witty and pointed, e.g. She gave a very neat answer. Detective stories are loved for their tidy problems and neat solution. 6) (use of wine and spirits) without water, as to drink brandy neat; neat juice (syrup)

neatly ) аккуратно, опрятно 2) чётко, ясно 3) ловко, проворно, искусно, умело adv, e.g. I realized that I had been very neatly put in my

place. Word Dіsсrimination: neat, tidy аккуратный, опрятный, чистый, trim аккуратный, опрятный, приведённый в порядок (о предметах), spick-and-span очень аккуратный, опрятный; чистый, без единого пятнышка.

Neat suggests cleanliness, simplicity and a certain orderliness or precision which sometimes becomes the chief implication of the word. In neat person the adjective describes the personal appear­ance: dress, hairdo. The general effect is that of cleanliness, well-fit­ting clothes. In tidy person the adjective refers to the person in the habit of putting things in their proper places and of keeping every­thing around him clean and orderly. Tidy implies habitual neatness, e.g. We liked his tidy habits. He always kept his room tidy (i.e. all the things in the room were in their proper places). Cf. neat room where neat gives the suggestion of cleanliness and pleasing effect. Trim adds the implication of smartness, often of smugness or compactness, as a trim ship (cabin, maid-servant, etc.) Also: trim clothes, trim fig­ure, etc. Spick-and-span stresses the brightness and freshness of that which is new (or made to look like new), as spick-and-span white shoes, e.g. Her mother keeps her spick-and-span every moment of the day. The kitchen was spick-and-span. Anf. disorderly, confused, messy, slovenly.

Neat предполагает чистоту, простоту и определенную упорядоченность и точность, которые иногда становятся главным значением этого слова. В neat person прилагательное описывает внешний вид: платье, прическу. Общий впечатление состоит в чистоте, хорошо облегающей одежде. В tidy person прилагательное относится к человеку привычному складывать всё по своим местам и держать всё вокруг в чистоте и порядке. Tidy подразумевает привычную аккуратность. Например, We liked his tidy habits. He always kept his room tidy (i.e. all the things in the room were in their proper places). Ср.neat roomгде neatпредполагает чистоту и приятное впечатление. Trim применяется для обозначения щегольства, часто самодовольства или лаконичности, как trim ship (cabin, maid-servant, etc.) также: trim clothes, trim fig­ure Spick - and - span подчеркивает яркость и свежесть того, что ново (или выглядит как новое), как spick-and-span white shoes, Her mother keeps her spick-and-span every moment of the day. The kitchen was spick-and-span.

7. witticism  острота n a witty remark: a jest, e.g. I was feverishly search­ing my mind for some witticism that might make her smile.

wit (wits) разум, ум 2) остроумие 3) остряк n 1) (sing, or pi.) intelligence; understanding; mental power; quickness of mind, e.g. He hadn't the wit(s) (hadn't wit enough) to know what to do in the emergency. He has quick (slow) wits, out of one's wits обезумевшийmad; greatly upset or frightened, e.g. He was out of his wits

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when he saw the house was on fire, at one's wits' end ум за разум зашёлnot knowing what to do or say; quite at a loss, e.g. He gave her a questioning glance but she was at her wits' end too. to collect one's wits собраться с мыслями gather together, recover control of one's thoughts, e.g. He tried to collect his wits before saying anything, to live by one's wits кое-как выкручиваться, изворачиваться (чтобы раздобыть средства к существованию; обычно нечестным способом) live by clever but haphazard methods, not always honest, e.g. But there were many who declassed by hard social conditions, never worked and lived by their wits, to have (keep) one's wits about one быть начеку, неплохо соображать, понимать что к чему; быть себе на уме be quick to see what is happening, alert and ready to act, e.g. The kid has his wits about him, he will get out of the mess all right. 2) clever and humorous ex­pression of ideas; liveliness of spirit, e.g. Our teacher (or teacher's conversation ) is full of wit.

Witty остроумный a clever and amusing; full of, or marked by wit, as a witty person (remark). Ant. dull,'stupid,

8. impudent  нахальный, дерзкий; бесстыдный a not showing respect; being rude on purpose and in a shameless way, e.g. What an impudent rascal he is! What an
impudent accusation!

impudently  нагло; нахрапом adv, e.g. When charged with the crime of the broken window the boy grinned impudently and said nothing.

i mpudence  наглость, дерзость; бесстыдство n being impudent, impudent words and actions, e.g. None of your impudence! (i.e. Don't be so impudent!) He had the impudence to say that I was telling lies! His impudence knew no bounds.

9. benefit  1) выгода; польза; прибыль; преимущество 2) ; = benefit performance  бенефис 3) пенсия, (страховое) пособие n 1) help; advantage; profit; improvement, e.g. Did you get much benefit from your holiday? (Did it do you good?) The book wasn't of much benefit to me (didn't help me very much). The mon­ey was used for the benefit of (in order to help) the population after the disaster. What benefit would it be to the nation? benefit perfor­ mance (concert, etc.) a performance  (at a theatre), a concert, etc., when the money is for the benefit of some special cause 2) (often in the pi.) an act of kindness; a favour; an advantage, e.g. He should have been grateful for the benefits he received from his relatives.

benefit 1) помогать, приносить пользу 2) извлекать пользу, выгоду vt/i help or be helped; give or receive benefit, e.g. The sea air will benefit you. He benefited by the medicine the doctor gave him.

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