Grammar Focus: The Definite Article The with Geographical Names and Places
| We use the with: the names of rivers (the Nile), seas (the Black Sea), oceans ( the Pacific), canals (the Panama Canal), groups of islands (the Canary Islands), mountain ranges ( the Alps), countries when they include words such as state, Kingdom, republic (the United Kingdom) and the names or nouns with ‘of ’(the Leaning tower of Pisa) NOTE: the equator, the North/South Pole, the North of England, the south/west/north /east | We don’t use the with: the names of countries (Italy but: the Netherlands, the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Vatican City), cities(Paris), streets (Oxford Street, but: the High Street, the Strand, the Mall, the London Road, the A19, the M6 motorway), squares (Trafalgar Square), bridges (Tower Bridge), parks (Hyde Park), railway stations (Victoria Station), mountains (Ben Nevis), individual islands (Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva), continents (Africa). |
| the names of cinemas (the Rex), hotels ( the Carlton), theatres ( the Globe), museums (the British Museum), galleries (the Tate Gallery), newspapers/magazines (the Times but Time magazine), ships (the Mary Rose), organizations (the EU). | two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or a place (Gatwick Airport, Windsor Castle but: the White House) |
| names of pubs, restaurants, shops, banks and hotels named after people who started them and end in –s or ‘s (Lloyds Bank, Harrods, Dave’s Pub but: the Red Lion (pub) |
4.Complete the sentences with the correct article.
Use a or the. If no article is necessary, write –.
Example: The statue stands on an island in – New York Harbor.
1. … Statue of … Liberty was … gift to … United States from … people of … France.
2. Over … years … France and … United States had … special relationship.
3. In … 1776 … France helped … American colonies to gain … independence from … England.
4. … French paid for … statue.
5. … American people paid for … pedestal.
6. We saw…. Buckingham Palace and …. Houses of Parliament on our tour yesterday.
7. … British Museum and … Louvre hold the collections of art treasures.
8. We’ll get off at … Waterloo Station.
5. Work in pairs. a) Look for main ideas andcircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The Statue of Liberty is a famous statue in … .
a. France b. The United States
2. The Statue of liberty was a gift … .
a. form the people of France to the USA
b. from Laboulaye and Eiffel to the USA
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3. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes … .
a. a woman with a torch b. land of freedom
b) Look for details andcircle T if the sentence is true or circle F if the sentence is false.
1. Twelve people can stand inside the torch of the Statue of Liberty. T F
2. The United States helped France to gain its independence in 1776. T F
3. Alexander Eiffel was among the guests at Laboulayes’s house. T F
4. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was a French engineer. T F
5. Alexander Eiffel figured out how to make the statue stand. T F
6. Americans designed the pedestal for the statue.
6. Discuss the answers to these questions with your group-mates.
1. What other famous statues or monuments can you think of?
2. When we think of New York, we think of the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. List five other cities and the buildings, statues, and places they make you think of.
3. Do you have any famous statues or monuments in your country? What are they?
Description Tips
To describe a place, a building or a monument
a)first, you should give the name and location of the place, building or monument and the reason for choosing it; b) second, you should describe the main aspects of the place, building or monument in detail – for example what you can see and do there, the exterior and the interior and the historical facts about it, tell who built the house or erected the monument; c) then give your comments/feelings/ recommendations.
MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS
Focus:Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion)
Focus: Great Scientists: Ernest Rutherford; Zhores Alferov – Nobel Prize Winner
Grammar focus: Uncountable nouns; the use of articles with abstract nouns
Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learning special terms; making a project.
I. Vocabulary Study:
1.Verbs: to discover and to invent
Nouns: a discovery and invention. What is the difference?
Look at the examples below and choose the correct words to put into the sentences in the box.
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· Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
· Early man probably discovered fire when lightning struck a tree and made a fire in the forest.
· Marie Curie discovered uranium.
· The Aztecs discovered the chocolate tree, growing in the rain forest many hundred years ago. Then they invented a drink made from the fruit of this tree.
· Many people say that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. But that’s not really true. There were people living there already, so they knew all about America!
· The word “robot” was invented by Karel Capek in 1921. Now everybody uses the word, but it was a new word then.
· The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930, but of course it had been in the sky for billions of years.
| When someone makes a __________, he or she finds something that already existed in our world. He or she _________ something new, but doesn’t create it. |
| When someone creates an __________ , he or she makes something new and useful. This idea or thing did not exist in the natural world before. He or she _________ something that no-one has ever thought before. |
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