Use commas and colons where they are appropriate.
1. I’d like to have Indian or North African food for lunch.
2. Two restaurants nearcampus serve North African dishes the Cairo House and the Marrakesh.
3. Jorge Peter Anna and I had dinner at the Marrakesh last week.
4. The Marrakesh is closed three days each week Sundays Mondays and Tuesdays.
5. We are going to lose the game our best player is in the hospital.
6. Listen to what I heard today our teacher has a black belt in karate.
4C
Add commas and colons where appropriate to these sentences:
1. Rosewall no longer had the strength and energy of his youth and so his game became more economical nothing was wasted.
2. The string quartet I play with comprises two violins a viola and a cello but my jazz quartet has rather an unusual lineup double bass violin piano and tenor saxophone.
3. But now after a bath a change of clothes and a drink the thought returned to me how was Foxton going to react when he found that I had escaped?
4. I’ve just decided to emigrate to Canada it sounds like the perfect solution.
5. There are four things we would need to know more about before we could offer you a job we would need to question you further about your education your family background your experience and your plans for the future.
5C
Insert a colon as needed in each of the following sentences:
1. All the poisonous snakes known to North America were in residence there rattlers, copperheads, cottonmouths, and corals. (Tom Wolfe)
2. When an old woman in a nursing home was asked what she really liked to do, she answered in one word “Eat.” (Malcolm Cowley)
3. After all, turkey tastes very similar to haddock same consistency, same quite remarkable absence of flavor. (Michael J. Arlen)
4. The Fifth Amendment is, of course, a wise section of the Constitution you cannot be forced to incriminate yourself. (Lillian Hellman)
5. Almost anything can trigger a specific attack of migraine stress, allergy, fatigue, and abrupt change in barometric pressure, a contretemps over a parking ticket. (Joan Didion)
THE DASH
Abrupt Break in Thought.
Use a dash to indicate an abrupt break in thought.
The way the argument started was stupid – but why bring it up again? – the problem has been settled. A majority of the graduating class – fifteen percent, in fact – is going on to higher education.
Similarly, a dash or dashes are used to set off an interruption that is important to the meaning of the sentence but not grammatically part of it:
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It matters not where or how far you travel - the farther commonly the worse - but how much alive you are. (Henry David Thoreau)
Setting Off Parenthetical Material
Use a dash to set off parenthetical material.
According to the Constitution only one man – and he is the President – can appoint justices to the Supreme Court.
Setting Off Explanation
Use a dash to meanNAMELY, IN OTHER WORDS, THAT IS,and similar expressions that precede explanations.
My decision not to resign was based on one thought – I enjoy teaching science to teenagers.
Dashes can be used to set off a series of specific items:
The wings of the natural extant flying vertebrates - the birds and the bats - are direct modifications of the preexisting front limbs. (Michael I Katz)
Note: Avoid the overuse of dashes. A dash introduces a pause, so too many dashes in writing can reduce readability.
1D
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. My favorite actress Anna-Marie Harper has a degree from the University of Paris.
2. She was recently in a remake of an old film Gone With the Wind.
3. There is only one actor whom I really like Martin Tai.
4. The Third Man which is my favorite movie is showing at the Grand next week.
5. Ken enjoyed the movie for only one reason the scenes of Vienna.
6. I highly recommend the Grand Theater it’s air-conditioned.
7. He used to be very good at tennis and golf too of course.
8. When I’m ready my driver usually a member of the band picks me up.
2D
Punctuate the following sentences, using dashes wherever appropriate and any other punctuation mark necessary.
1. Now at last in my hands was a book whose entire subject was railway trains in India in the 1940s.
2. The people here are always happy and smiling which is more than can be said for Edward.
3. Binoculars must be held steadily which means resting them or your elbows on a solid support.
4. The writer of this novel is trying to tell us how important aggression at least I think that’s what she’s trying to say.
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5. On the brink of a total breakdown he met Laurie his fourth and greatest love who was to inspire some of his moving compositions.
3D
Insert dashes in the appropriate places in the following sentences:
1. All pupils brought their dinners in baskets corn dodger, buttermilk and other good things and sat in the shade of the trees at noon and ate them. (Mark Twain)
2. The entrepreneur individualistic, restless, with vision, guile and courage has been the economists' only hero. (John Kenneth Galbraith)
3. I would have evaded and for how long could I have afforded to delay? learning the great lesson of school, that I had a public identity. (Richard Rodriguez)
4. Polar explorers one gathers from their accounts sought at the Poles something of the sublime. (Annie Dillard)
5. The fighters in the ring are time-bound is anything so excruciatingly long as a fiercely contested three-minute round? but the fight itself is timeless. (Joyce Carol Oates)
QUOTATIONS AND QUOTING
Quotation marks - either double (“ “) or single (‘ ‘) - mainly enclose direct quotations from speech and from writing.
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