TRANSLATION AND RENDERING SECTION
Task 1.
Render the text into English. Helpful Vocabulary: vast, rich, majestic, lyrical, great, fertility, be at different latitudes, immense, boundless.
Америка.
Земля Америки — многоликая, богатая и просторная. Ее природные краски—яркие и сочные. И если к пейзажу нашей страны точнее всего подходит слово лиричный, то для Америки эта же степень точности заключается в слове величественный.
В географическом словаре Штатов прилагательное “великий”, пожалуй, самое употребительное слово. Великие озера, Великие озера, Великие равнины, Великий каньон.
Плодородие Америки перетянет на чаше весов плодородие наших земель. Природных причин этому много. Первая состоит в том, что Америка—страна южная. Москва с Вашингтоном лежат на разных широтах. Вашингтон на 400 км южнее, чем наш Ташкент. И ровно половина страны расположена к югу от линии Вашингтона.
Главное впечатление — необъятность этой страны. Кроме России, нет на земле государства, где бы так далеко друг от друга отстояли границы востока и запада, севера и юга.
SEASONS AND WEATHER
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
BASIC WORDS
Weather:
| good adjective | enjoyable; pleasant | It's good to go for a work when it’s sunny. |
| airconditioner/airconditioning noun | an appliance that cools down the air in a home or building | The airconditioner keeps the office nice and comfortable even when it's very hot outside. |
| awful adjective | very bad or unpleasant | The weather was awful. |
| changeable adjective | likely to change or changing often | The weather was very changeable. |
| dry adjective | having very little rain or moisture | The air was dry, and the sun beat down fiercely. |
| forecastnoun/verb | the expected weather for the future | According to the 5 day forecast, it's going to rain on our wedding day. |
| glorious adjective | weather etc that is very nice because it is sunny and clear | We spent three glorious weeks in Hawaii. |
| horrible adjective | very unpleasant and often frightening or upsetting | horrible weather |
| lovely adjective | spoken especially BrE very pleasant, enjoyable, or good | That was a lovely trip. |
| meteorologistnoun | a person who studies weather patterns | The meteorologist predicted that the cold spell would be over by now. |
| nice adjective | pleasant, attractive or enjoyable | We had a really nice day at the beach. |
| seasonnoun | time of year characterized by certain weather Winter, Spring ,Summer, Fall (or Autumn) | My favorite season is Fall, because I love to watch the leaves changing colours. |
| terrible adjective | extremely severe in a way that causes harm or damage | A terrible storm hit the island last night. |
| unsettled adjective | changing a lot in a short period of time | |
| wet adjective | rainy | It's very wet outside. |
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Temperature:
| temperature noun | how warm or cold the air is | Can you check the temperature before we get dressed for our walk? |
| boiling hotadjective + noun | common expression for describing a very hot day | It was boiling hot, so we all jumped into the lake. |
| Celsius noun | measurement of temperature (0 degrees is freezing/100 is boiling) | In the summer, the average temperature here is 20 degrees Celsius. |
| chilly adjective | cold | It's a bit chilly today, so I think you should wear a coat. |
| cold adjective | the lack of heat. | It was so cold this morning I had to scrape the ice off my windshield. |
| cooladjective | temperature in between warm and cold | The days were boiling hot, but the nights were cool and comfortable for sleeping. |
| degrees noun | measurement for temperature | I don't feel the heat until it's about forty degrees Celsius outside. |
| Fahrenheitnoun | measurement of temperature (32 degrees is freezing/212 is boiling) | It was 100 degrees Fahrenheit when we got to San Francisco. |
| freezing cold adjective + noun | common expression used to describe a very cold day | It was a freezing cold day for the Santa Claus parade. |
| frost noun | ice crystals on a frozen surface | Some flowers are so strong they can withstand frost. |
| frostbite noun | a skin condition caused by over exposure to the cold (typically reddish skin with white spots) | I lost my hat while I was skiing, and I ended up with frostbite on my ears. |
| hot adjective | having a high temperature | It's too hot in here - shall I open a window? |
| mildadjective | temperature that is warmer than average(in a cold season) | It's quite mild out so I didn't bother with a hat or mittens. |
| minus/negative adjective | indicates that a temperature is below zero | It was minus twenty degrees at the top of the hill. |
| scorching/a scorcheradjective/noun | extremely hot temperature/a very hot day | It was a scorcher, so the whole family slept in the cool basement. |
| thermometer noun | instrument for measuring the temperature of the air | When I checked the temperature this morning, the thermometer said it was already thirty degrees Celsius. |
| warm adjective | having or emitting moderate heat | I hope we get some warmer weather soon. |
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Sky and air conditions:
| sun/sunshine/sunny noun/noun/adjective | the gassy star that warms the earth | We hope to have sunshine on the day of the beach picnic. |
| clearadjective | when the sky is blue because no clouds are blocking the sun | On a clear night you can see a lot of stars. |
| cloud/cloudynoun/adjective | water in the sky that appears as a white or grey mass | It may look cloudy in the morning, but the sun always comes out by afternoon. |
| drift noun | a large pile of snow or sand that has been formed by the wind | |
| fog/foggynoun/adjective | thick water vapor that blocks one's vision | We couldn't see the bridge because there was too much fog. |
| glow noun | a soft steady light, especially from something that is burning without flames | The glow from the dying fire lit his face. |
| haze noun | smoke, dust, or moisture in the air which makes it difficult to see through | a haze of cigarette smoke |
| heavy clouds adj., noun | large and thick clouds | |
| humid/humidityadjective/noun | moisture in the air | It feels a lot hotter than it actually is because of the humidity. |
| lightningnoun | electric flash caused by two clouds hitting | The outdoor pool always closes when the lifeguards suspect lightning. |
| mist noun | a light cloud low over the ground that makes it difficult for you to see very far | We could just see the outline of the house through the mist |
| overcastadjective | no sun is visible | The sky is overcast this morning, but the sun is supposed to come out by late afternoon. |
| partly cloudy adverb + adjective | term often used in a weather forecast to indicate that the skies are sunny and cloudy at the same time | Tomorrow's forecast is partly cloudy with clear skies by nightfall. |
| smognoun | heavy, dark cloud cover caused by pollution | You really notice the smog downtown in this type of humidity. |
| storm clouds adj., noun | a dark cloud which you see before a storm | Storm clouds are gathering |
| sunbaked | ||
| sunbeam | a beam of light from the sun that you can see because it is shining through a cloud | |
| sunburn noun | painful red/pink skin caused by being in the sun too long | The bald man got a sunburn on his head. |
| sunglasses/shades noun | dark eyewear that protects you from the sun | I forgot my shades and I was driving right into the sun. |
| sunscreen/suntan lotion noun | cream that protects your skin from sun damage | Don't forget to reapply your sunscreen when you get out of the lake. |
| suntan/tanned noun(also verb)/adjective(also verb) | brown/golden skin caused by long periods of sun exposure | I got a suntan on the cruise, but it has already faded away. |
| thick clouds | clouds that fill the air completely, so that it is difficult to see the Sun and the sky | |
| thunder/thunderstormnoun | the crashing of clouds (often followed by a strike of lightning and heavy rain) | Let's close all of the windows. It looks like a thunderstorm is coming. |
| a roll of thunder | a continuous low sound made by thunder | |
| a flash of lightning | a bright light that appears for a very short time | |
| fire-ball | a large, hot fire, such as the very hot cloud of burning gases formed by an atomic explosion | |
| to be struck by lightning | The ship was struck by lightning soon after it left the port. | |
| to rumble | to make a series of long low sounds, especially a long distance away from you | We could hear thunder rumbling in the distance. |
| to brighten up | to become brighter in colour, or to shine with more light | The sky had already begun to brighten |
| to cloud over | ||
| UV (ultra violet) raysnoun | the damaging rays from the sun | Ultra violet rays can cause skin cancer if you don't wear sunscreen. |
| veil | a thin layer of mist, cloud etc that covers something so that you cannot see it clearly | veil of mist/cloud etc |
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Wind:
| wind/windy noun/adjective | blowing air outside | It's too windy to play golf today. |
| a blustery day | blustery weather is very windy | a cold and blustery day |
| a brick wind | ||
| a gale | a very strong wind | The fence was blown down in the gale |
| a strong wind | ||
| breezenoun | light wind | Don't bother with a hat. There is always a breeze near the ocean. |
| squall | a sudden strong wind, especially one that brings rain or snow | A violent squall sank both ships |
| storm/stormy | a period of very bad weather when there is a lot of rain, strong winds, and often lightning | crops damaged by recent heavy storms |
| to be caught in a storm | We were caught in a storm so we had to return |
Rain:
| rain/raining/rainy noun/continuous verb/adjective | water that falls to earth | My hair is all wet and messy from the rain. |
| downpour noun | a lot of rain that falls in a short time | |
| drizzlingcontinuous verb | raining slightly | I think I'll take the dog for a walk. It's only drizzling now. |
| droughtnoun | a long period with no rainfall | Forest fires are a serious danger during a drought. |
| dry verb | if something such as a river dries up, the water in it disappears | During the drought all the reservoirs dried up. |
| damp | slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way | Wipe the leather with a damp cloth. |
| floodnoun | overflow of rain water | The flood was so bad, our basement was full of water. |
| hailnoun | small pieces of ice that fall during a storm | There was so much hail that some of the trailer homes were destroyed. |
| hailstone noun | a small ball of frozen rain | |
| precipitationnoun | rain or snow that falls on an area | There is very little precipitation in the desert. |
| puddlenoun | collection of rain water | Children love to splash in puddles when they are wearing rubber boots. |
| rainbow noun | a band of colours found in the sky after a rainfall | According to legend you can find a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow. |
| raindrop noun | a single measurement of rain | I love catching raindrops on my tongue. |
| Rainfall noun | the amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time | an area with very low rainfall |
| showernoun | quick/light rainstorm | They've been calling for showers all week, but so far it's been dry. |
| to be drenched to the skin | wearing completely wet clothes | |
| Torrents noun | a large amount of water moving very rapidly and strongly in a particular direction | After five days of heavy rain the Telle river was a raging torrent. |
| umbrellanoun | held over one's head and body for rain protection | I always keep an umbrella in my car in case of rain. |
Snow:
| snow/snowy/snowing noun/adjective/ continuous verb | frozen water that warms slightly as it falls to earth | It is already snowing up in the mountains, so the ski season should be great this year. |
| hail | frozen rain drops which fall as hard balls of ice | |
| ice | the solid form of water | Would you like some ice in your drink? |
| icicle | ice that forms in the shape of a narrow cone hanging point down | |
| icyadjective | slippery because of ice | The roads are icy so please avoid driving down any hills. |
| slush/slushynoun/adjective | snow on the ground that has been rained on | The snow turned to slush as soon as it started to rain. |
| snowbound | blocked or prevented from leaving a place by large amounts of snow | snowbound traffic |
| snowdrift | a deep mass of snow piled up by the wind | |
| snowfall | the amount of snow that falls, or the amount that falls in a particular period of time | an average snowfall of eight centimetres a year | Heavy snow falls are forecast |
| snowflake | a small soft flat piece of frozen water that falls as snow | |
| snowstorm noun | large amounts of wind and snow | All of the schools were closed because of the snowstorm. |
Weather disasters:
| avalanche noun | a dangerous slide of snow down a mountain | The skiers were warned about a possible avalanche. |
| earthquake | a sudden, transient motion or trembling of the earth's crust, resulting from the waves in the earth caused by faulting of the rocks or by volcanic activity | Mexico City was badly hit in the 1985 earthquake |
| heat strokenoun | a flu-like condition one can acquire after spending too long in the sun | Bring lots of water and wear a hat to avoid heat stroke in this weather. |
| hurricanenoun | a tropical storm with very strong wind and rain | Half of the buildings on the island were flattened by the hurricane. |
| tornado/cyclonenoun | violently spinning windstorm | The tornado picked up everything in its path, including animals and cars. |
| volcanic eruption |
rain/water:(light/heavy/patchy/blustery, wintry) shower, (light/heavy/a band of/torrential) rain, drizzle, downpour, soggy, sultry, sticky, muggy, close, humid, humidity, damp, moist, dry, (flash) flood, drought; if it is raining you may need a brolly (umbrella) and a mac (raincoat)
ice/snow: (severe/hard/widespread/extensive/a touch of) frost/groundfrost, slippery conditions, black ice, icy, sleet, hail, hailstones, snow (flurry/shower/storm), blizzard
fog: (dense/patchy/hill/coastal/sea) fog, mist, haze, (poor/moderate/fair/good) visibility
wind/air:breeze, gust, squally, storm, gale, hurricane, (strong/blustery/light) wind, (high/low) pollen count
thunder: thunder and lightning, a rumble of thunder, thunderstorm
cloud: (low/high/broken/patchy/a blanket of) cloud, cloudy, grey, overcast
sun: clear, sunshine, sunny, bright
maps: a low/area of low pressure/depression/cyclone, a high/area of high pressure/anticyclone, weather system, warm front, cold front, isobars, satellite image
temperature: hot, warm, mild, cool, chilly, nippy, cold, wintry, (below) freezing, wind chill, heat wave, Celsius, centigrade (°C), Fahrenheit (°F).
IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS
1. like a flash of lightning
2. to chase rainbows
3. drop from the clouds
4. the off season
5. to keep for a rainy day
6. to break the ice
7. as right as rain
8. in all weathers
9. as welcome as water in one’s shoes
10. as welcome as flowers in May
11. any port in a storm
12. a storm in a tea-cup
13. to be snowed under
14. to be in the mists of
15. thunderous applause
16. the winds of change
17. raining cats and dogs
PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
1. The morning sun never lasts a day.
2. The wind cannot be caught in a net.
3. After a storm comes a calm.
4. After rain comes fair weather.
5. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun.
6. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
7. It never rains but it pours.
8. Rain at seven, fine at eleven.
9. Still waters run deep.
CULTURE WORDS
Dog days, Indian summer, Arbor Day, corn belt, the Dry, Wattle Day.
VOCABULARY WORK
Exercise 1.
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