Действие длилось некоторое время до определенного момента в прошлом
PRESENT SIMPLE.
1. Регулярное повторяющееся действие.
I go to school every day.
2. Истина.
The sun rises in the East.
3. Расписание (транспорта, TV программа, расписание занятий).
The film starts at 5 and finishes at 7.
4. Постоянное действие.
My sister wears glasses.
5. Придаточное времени и условия.
When I do my homework, I will go for a walk.
6. Глаголы состояния:
- verbs of liking (disliking) I like this music.
- verbs of wanting I want to have a dog.
- verbs of having (possession) I have a sister.
- verbs of being I am a student.
- verbs of senses (feelings) I see her. The rose smells wonderful.
- verbs of mental activity I think he is right.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
1. Действие происходит в момент речи.
She’s speaking to Mike.
2. Расширенное настоящее.
I’m reading an interesting book now.
3. Преувеличение.
He’s always losing his gloves.
4. Запланированное и организованное (самим человеком) действие в будущем.
Jack is accompanying me to the theatre tonight.
5. Нетипичное поведение для человека.
You’re being childish.
CONSTRUCTION to be going to
1. Запланированное, но неорганизованное действие в будущем.
We’re going to have a rest at the seaside this summer.
2. Предсказание, основанное на том, что ты видишь, знаешь.
It’s going to rain.
FUTURE SIMPLE.
1. Спонтанное решение.
If Mary is busy, I think I will go to the movie with Kate.
2. Прогноз погоды (официальный).
It will snow tomorrow in Moscow.
3. Угроза.
I’ll kill you.
4. Согласие.
I think I will join you tomorrow.
5. Отказ.
I don’t think I will do that.
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6. Далекое будущее.
Next generations will suffer if we don’t take care of environment today.
7. Предложение.
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow?
8. Просьба.
Will you hold the door open for me, please.
9. Обещание.
Don’t worry, I’ll bring it first thing tomorrow morning.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE.
1. Действие в определенный момент в будущем.
Don’t come at 5. I’ll be discussing the problem with Mr. Smith.
2. Вежливый вопрос.
Will you be coming to the party at Johnsons tonight?
3. Скрытая просьба.
Will you be using your computer tonight?
4. Прощальные слова.
I’ll be missing you.
5. Предсказание будущих событий:
- основанное на естественном ходе событий.
It’s the end of August. Soon the kids will be going back to school
- основанное на предыдущих знаниях.
Don’t tell Susan about that. She’ll be talking about your secret all over the city.
FUTURE PERFECT
Действие завершится к определенному моменту в прошлом
- I will have done this work by 5 tomorrow.
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FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Действие будет иметь промежуточный результат в будущем, но не закончится
- Next week I will have been living here for 5 years.
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PRESENT PERFECT
1. Действие закончилось недавно и результат связан с настоящим моментом
- I have received a letter from Mary.
2. Глаголы, не использующиеся в длительных временах
- We have known him for 2 years.
3. Для выражения действия в будущем
You will leave the house when you have had a proper breakfast
(I will give you a book when I find it).
Recently, lately, of late, already, yet, not yet, so far, just, ever, never, before, for, since (then), ever since, ever since then, up to now, in the last (past) few years,
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- Have you ever seen her yet?
- Have you ever seen her before?
SPECIAL CASES
- He has been to Paris
- He has gone to Paris.
- He has been in Paris.
- He went to Paris.
- He was in Paris.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
1. Действие было, есть и будет.
- I have been thinking about you.
2. Действие завершилось, но было длительным и результат есть в настоящий момент. – I’m tired because I have been running.
PAST SIMPLE
1. Однократное действие, завершенное в прошлом (даже в недавнем прошлом)
- Sam phoned a moment ago.
- For 20 years you lived without your child.(during)
2. Привычка в прошлом.
- I smoked 40 cigarettes a day till I gave up.
3. Вежливый вопрос (HOPE, THINK, WONDER)
- I wondered if you could give me a lift.
4. Последовательность действий в прошлом
I woke up, had breakfast and left.
Yesterday, last…, ago, just now, ever (more emotional)
PAST PROGRESSIVE
1. Действие в процессе в определенный момент в прошлом
- I was sleeping yesterday at 5.
- She was doing her homework when her mother came home.
- We were preparing for the exam all day long yesterday.
2. Преувеличение
- He was always telling a lie in his childhood.
3. Вежливый вопрос
- I was wondering if you could help me.
4. Два параллельных действия
- While I was reading, my mother was cooking dinner.
PAST PERFECT
Действие завершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом
- I had cleaned the room before my mother came home.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Действие длилось некоторое время до определенного момента в прошлом
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- I had been cleaning the flat for 2 hours before my mother came home.
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