My Favourite Writer Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin
The British parliament
The British parliament sits in the Palace of Westminster. It consists of 3 parts: the Royal Apartments, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It is also called the House of Parliament, because there are two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
In the House of Commons Members of Parliament (MPs) work on Bills, which later become new laws. The Prime Minister is in the House of Commons too. MPs represent all the people in the country. There are 650 MPs in the House of Commons. People have general elections every 5 years. The leader of the winning party becomes the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about 20 MPs from his party to become the cabinet of ministers. The Speaker is the person who presides over the House of Commons.
The Chamber of the House of Lords is also called the Parliament Chamber. The Lord Chancellor presides over the House of Lords. According to a very old tradition, he sits on the Woolsack.
Lords are not elected. Some of them are hereditary peers and some – life peers. They get their title “Lord” or “Lady” for their personal achievements. The House of Lords has more than 1000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work in the House. They talk about Bills and sometimes suggest changes to the House of Commons.
A lot of famous events and meetings have taken place in Westminster Hall.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the sovereign reigns but does not rule. Britain does not have a written constitution.
The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.
The queen is the head of state. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. There are 2 main British political parties: the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.Parliament is responsible for British national policy. Local governments are responsible for organizing of education, police and many others.
There were 75 Prime Ministers in the history of the British Parliament. The most famous are: Margaret Thatcher (the iron lady), David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill. Teresa May is the present PM.
English as a World Language
Today English is the language of the world.
Nowadays over 300 million people speak it as a mother tongue.
English is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand.
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It is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic.
English is also spoken as a second language in the former British and US colonies.
English is the major international language of communication in such areas as science, technology, diplomacy and business.
It is the language of literature, education, modem music, and international tourism.
it is one of the official languages of the United Nation organization and other political organizations.
One should say that English is difficult to learn because of spelling, the large number of exceptions to any rule, the prepositions.
You will be able to speak to people from other countries, to read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider.
To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated man, for every good specialist.
My Favourite Writer (M. Lermontov)
He was one of Russia's most celebrated poets of all times.
Michael Lermontov was born in Moscow in the family of a nobleman.
He spent his childhood and youth near of Penza.
In 1830 Lermontov entered the Moscow University, but very soon he had to leave it.
Then he entered St. Petersburg School of Cavalry Cadets. He finished it and served in the the Imperial Guard as a hussar.
In 1837 the poet was exiled to the Caucasus for his poem "Poets Death".
In 1840 Lermontov was exiled to the Caucasus for the second time.
He had a personal quarrel with his schoolmate.
On July 15th, 1841 the poet was killed on a duel .
He was only 27 at that time.
Lermontov began writing when he was very young.
One of his first writings to be published was his verse tale "Hadji Arbek".
But he won fame as a poet after his poem "Poets Death" was published.
Lermontov's poems "Demon" "Mtsyri" his great novel "A Hero of Our Time" and his play "Masquerade" are masterpieces of Russian literature.
He wrote poetry, drama or prose.
Lermontov was one of the gifted and brilliant poets in Russia.
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My Favourite Writer Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799—1837) is an outstanding Russian poet, playwriter and novelist.
He was born in Moscow in a noble family.
However, he spent his youth mainly in the village near Saint-Patersburg where he was studying in Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.
Pushkin’s talent was discovered rather early by his teachers.
He spoke French very well and showed an interest in literature.
Young poet published his first poem when he was only 15 years old.
In his early poems he wrote about his friends and about girls who he was charmed with. Despite being extremely talented, young Pushkin was also known for his quick temper.
He was jealous, explosive and had no fear.
In general, he had 29 duels, the last of which was fatal for the great writer.
That time he was fighting with a French officer D’Anthes who was trying to seduce his wife. Alexander Pushkin was only 37 when he died.
But his name and many of his works are still known by millions of people all over the world. He was a famous writer of Romantic era.
He wrote the magnificent drama “Boris Godunov”, the novel “Eugene Onegin”, different short stories, numerous fairy-tales (“Ruslan and Lyudmila”, The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda”, “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “the Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”) and innumerable poems.
Pushkin is one of my favourite writers. He is well-known all over the world.
5.Mass-media / СМИ
Mass-media plays an important part of our lives. It is the main source of information we receive every day. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, Internet and else.
The term was formed in 1920.
Millions of people watch TV every day, listen to the radio in cars, read newspaper and magazines. Everyone finds something interesting through means of media.
TV, radio, newspapers, books, internet serve to keep us up to date about everything that happens in the world.
Although not all journalists or TV and radio commentators give the news objectively and honestly.
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But serious and honest journalists and TV reporters can also provide us reliable news.
So is the world, people are no more interested in ordinary events.
Everyone wants some breaking news: plane crash, wars, attacks, murders, natural disasters.
The most popular of all is of course television.
It is more interesting and pleasant to watch something on the screen, than to read a newspaper or listen to radio.
On TV you can see everything with you own eyes.
The quickest source of finding the news is Internet.
You may read about some event right after it happens in real life.
In Internet you may find out different opinions about this or that topic.
The disadvantage of mass media is it tendency to make private life public.
This depends on us and only on us what to watch or read.
It’s hard to imagine life without mass media nowadays.
The pleasure of reading
I want to tell you about reading in my life.
Reading plays a very important role in the life of people. I'm fond of reading.
In my opinion, books are a source of emotional inspiration and romantic feelings.
Reading is very useful, because books enrich our experience with that or the other people. Besides, books help me to continue my own education.
The world of books is full of wonders. Reading books you can find, yourself in different lands, countries, islands, seas, oceans.
We enjoy the beauty and wisdom of books which teach us to be kind and clever, brave and honesty to understand other people.
People are fond of reading different kinds of books. There are books of different genres: love and detective stories, thrillers and historical novels, tales, works after classical and modern writers.
Children like fairy tales, Lovers of travelling like adventures books, girls and women like love stories and novels.
I'm a great lover of the English and American literature.
Among my favourite writers are W. Shakespeare and Ch. Dickens.
Books help us to be good friends. They teach us to understand the beauty of nature, to take care of it, to love our homeland.
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I read books Russian writers too.
I can't imagine my life without reading.
You can find all kinds of books at the library.
Every school in our country has a library.
A school library is a collection of textbooks and books for reading.
Our pupils and teachers go for reading, to look some magazines or newspapers or to prepare for a report.
Books teach us what is right and what is wrong, to understand the world and people in it.
It educates a person, enriches his intellect. Books are worth reading.
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