What is the purpose the TCP/IP protocols?
The history of the Internet begins in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite called Sputnik. In response to the U.S. government resolved to improve itsscientific and technical infrastructure. One of the resulting initiatives was the Advanced Research Projects Agency.
The Internet uses a variety of communications protocols to support basic data transport and services.
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network. One of these is TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the primary protocol suite responsible for message transmission on the Internet. A protocol suite is a combination of protocols that work together. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) breaks a message or file into packets. IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for addressing packets so that they can be routed to their destination. It provides devices with unique addresses.
What about the purpose of it: The purpose of TCP/IP is to make it easier for computers to communicate with one another to send information over the Internet. Also they are:
1. To standardize the methodology of information exchange between networked devices.
2. To be able to connect to services host on remote devices, and to be able to host services accessible by other remote devices.
TCP / IP have the following characteristics:
· Good means of disaster recovery.
· Ability to add new networks without interrupting ongoing work.
· Resistance to errors.
· Independence from the implementation platform.
· Low overhead for transfer of ancillary data.
What are differences between IP addresses and domain names?
IP address is short for Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP address is a unique identifier for a computer or device (host) on a TCP/IP network. Internet Protocol Address (or IP Address) is an unique address that computing devices such as personal computers, tablets, and smartphones use to identify itself and communicate with other devices in the IP network. Any device connected to the IP network must have an unique IP address within the network. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify an entity. IP addresses work for communication between computers; people find it difficult to remember long strings of numbers. Many Internet servers also have an easy-to-remember name, such as nike.com. Most people just refer to it as a domain name. A domain name is a key component of Web addresses, e-mail addresses, and addresses on the Web called URLs. Domain names work because they provide computer users with a short name that is easy to remember.
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The common fictitious domain name, www.example.com, is comprised of three essential parts:
Ø .com - This is the top-level domain.
Ø .example. - This is a sub-domain.
Ø www. - This is a sub-domain prefix for the World Wide Web.
What is the difference between a network client and a server?
A computer network is a group of computers that shares information across wireless or wired technology. Computer networks used to be available for corporations but they are affordable for small businesses and individuals.
The term "client" is given to the multiple user computers on the network. The client logs into the network on the server and is given permissions to use resources on the network. Client computers are normally slower and require permissions on the network, which separates them from server computers.
A server is a part of the network. It is a machine with massive storage capabilities and faster processing, so multiple users can save and use resources. A server is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests made by another program, known as a client. Less formally, any device that runs server software could be considered a server as well. Servers are used to manage network resources.
In computing terminology, both “client” and “server” refer to computers that are used for different purposes. A client is a small computer that accesses a server through a network. For example, in an organization, an employee logs in to the client machine to access the files and applications running on a server machine. A server machine is a large-capacity computer that can store a wide variety of files such as application and data files. There are various types of servers, such as; application server, file server, web server, database server, print server, proxy server, game server, standalone server, etc.
So The client sends a request to which the server replies. In most cases, a client computer runs all the processes to allow the server to focus its resources on retrieving data and running computations.
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| Client | Server |
| Sends request to the server | Repliestotherequest |
| Runs all software and processes | Provides resources for retrieving data, running computations |
| Can be accessed by one user at a time | Can be accessed by multiple clients at any given time |
| Normally a desktop computer, or program | Expensive, high-end computer hardware |
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