Read the text again. Are the statements true, false or is the information not given?
1 Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
2 The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.
3 In a superconductor, the resistance drops gradually to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature.
4 In 1986 it was discovered that some ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K
5 In ordinary conductors, such as copper and silver, the decrease of temperature is limited by impurities and other defects
6 A superconductor is generally considered high temperature if it reaches a superconducting state when cooled using liquid nitrogen or low temperature if more aggressive cooling techniques are required to reach its critical temperature.
7 Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconductivity at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.
8 The electrical resistance of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered
Summarize the text to the class.
Use these dates as a plan.
1911 1933 1950 1957 1962 1986
GRAMMAR
Subjunctive Mood
The Subjunctive Mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express things that are not facts: wishes, doubts, suggestions, possibilities, conditions, etc.
e.g.
1. I would like to help you. – Мне бы хотелось вам помочь. (It is not a fact. It is my wish)
2. You would do it if you hadtime. – Ты бы сделал это, если быу тебя было время. (It depends on your having time).
3. It is important that he arriveon time. – Важно, чтобыон приехал во время. (It is what you need)
4. You could do it immediately. – Ты смог бы сделать это немедленно. (It is suggestion)
| Non-subjunctive example | Subjunctive form | Subjunctive example |
| He is allowed | be | It is important that he be allowed |
| She was ordered | were | If she were ordered, I’d go. |
| He drives | remove the s | I wish that he drive. |
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14 Translate the sentences into English.
1 We would make this remark in the first section of the article.
2 There would be no life without water.
3 Could you help me?
4 It is necessary that new materials be created in the near future.
5 It is essential that we should discuss the importance of these experiments.
6 I wish he do this work at time.
7 He would come to see us if he had time.
8 Could I see her today, I would invite her to our meeting.
Correct the mistakes, if any in the following sentences.
1 It was necessary that he found the mistakes in his test.
2 It is essential that the student knows this subject.
3 He would like to read this article.
4 It is important that the report was written on time.
5 The lecturer insists that everybody was present at the lesson.
6 It is possible that she came to see you.
7 It is desirable that you were there in two days.
8 Will you like to come with us?
Pay attention to:
It’s high time that… - Давно пора…
It’s high time that you did it! – Вам давно пора сделать это!
Give your own sentences with the construction “ It’s high time that…”
| It’s high time (that) | you they we etc. | found worked etc. |
E.g. It’s high time they started to work at their reports.
Make up your own sentences using Subjunctive Mood.
1 It’s high time ….
2 Would you be kind enough to …
3 It is ordered that …
4 Could you …
5 It is desirable that …
6 It is strange that …
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7 Would you mind …
8 Would you like …
Translate the sentences into English.
1 Необходимо, чтобы этот эксперимент был проведен сегодня.
2 Настаивают, чтобы она пришла сейчас же.
3 Важно, чтобы ваш перевод был правильным.
4 Требуется, чтобы система имела надежные характеристики.
5 Желательно, чтобы студенты знали это правило.
6 Вероятно мы опоздаем на встречу.
7 Необходимо, чтобы ты написал эту статью через неделю.
8 Вы единственный человек, кого бы она послушала.
9 Ты мог бы выполнить это задание по- другому.
10 Я бы хотел поблагодарить тебя за помощь.
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