The growth of Standard American. Lexical and phonetic peculiarities.
Expansion of English
In the early 17th c the English language penetrated in America . in the course of the following centuries it spread over the greater part of north America and reached the pacific. On thiits way westwards the English language overcame its 2 rivals – French and Spanish.
In british isles englih supplanted celtic language which had survived sinc earliest times.
In the extreme south west of engliand in cornwall local celtic language – Cornish dided out in 18th c.
In wales there arosein lte 19th a tendency to revive local celtic languages, welsh and celtic cculture. In 1893 the Welsh Universtity was founded.
In Ireland conquered by English in 17th struggle against English power lasted all through the 17th and 18th . towards end of 19th national movement was resumed and so was the struggle for irish language. In 1893 Gaelic League was founded which set as its aim reviving the irish lang by lectures, clsses etc. in 1922 irish free state was established which since 1937 bears name of Eire. In 1949 Eire left the commonwealth , Eire now occupies the whole territory of the island, except Northern Ireland.
Lexical pecularities between british and American
In some cases American has preserved old words which were replaced by synonyms in Englsh (sick, guess, fall)
In other cases new words appeared in American to denote new notions, as causus “preliminary meeting of a party commitee” , graft = illegal profit.
British : Lift ,Sweets ,,Behind, Underground, Pavement, Shop, Postman
American : elevator, candy, back of, subway, sidewalk, store, letter-carrier.
Sometimes again a word has one meaning in Britain and another in US. For example bug “bed-bug” in Br but “beetle” in Am. Words of Spanish origin : ranch, adobe, cinch. Indian: squaw, succotash, mugwump. Chataugua. Borrowed from Negro : banjo, pickaninny.
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