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САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ЭКОНОМИКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Факультет/Специальность _________________________
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
по английскому языку
для студентов 2 курса заочного отделения
Выполнил:
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САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ
2014 год
Инструкция по выполнению контрольных заданий
1. На титульном листе необходимо указать факультет, курс, номер группы, фамилию, имя, отчество.
2. Тексты, предназначенные для письменного перевода на русский язык, следует перевести письменно, на отдельном листе (формат А4) и прикрепить к контрольной работе.
3. В конце работы необходимо поставить свою личную подпись.
Зачет/Экзамен
К зачету/экзамену студенты заочного отделения
- выполняют письменно контрольную работу № 3
- сдают устную тему Banks and Banking (минимум 10 предложений)
- устно сдают слова по теме (задание 3)
Просьба к студентам приносить с собой тексты контрольной работы на консультацию.
Студенты, хорошо знающие язык, могут вместо письменного перевода текста (задание №1) перевести текст устно. Таким студентам рекомендовано более полно раскрыть устную тему.
Льонченко Татьяна Тимофеевна
1 Read and translate the text in a written form.
Banks and Banking
A bank is a company that works with the money that the people give it. If you give your money to a bank, it not only protects it but pays you interest so that it can work with the money. This is one of the reasons why people save their money in a bank. Money may also be safer there than at home.
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Banks also lend money to other businesses and customers. They collect extra money called banking fees with which they pay interest to savers as well as salaries for their workers. Banks make a profit because they collect more interest than they pay to savers.
Without banks the world’s economy would not be able to grow. Investors would not find the money they need for new projects. Industries could not buy new machines and modern technology.
What kind of services do banks offer?
Banks provide their customers with a number of services. With a checking account you can pay your bills. A check is a slip of paper that tells the bank how much money it should withdraw from your account and pay to someone else. Today, more and more people use the internet, also a banking service, to pay their bills. Banks also give their customers plastic cards with which they can get money from their account everywhere and whenever they want. They can also use them to pay without cash at shops, gas stations and other stores. Checking accounts are a comfortable way for customers to handle their money.
For people who want to save money banks offer savings accounts. Usually, banks pay more interest for savings accounts than they do for checking accounts. They hope that the customers will leave their money in the bank for a long time, which is why the bank can work with this money and offer it as loans. Banks, however, cannot give all of their money as loans. In most countries the government limits the amount of money that banks can use as loans. They must always keep back a certain percentage in the form of cash.
People who need money for certain things like buying a house or a car need a lot of money quickly. The money they borrow from a bank is called a loan. In most cases they do not pay back all of the money at once but a small part of it, with interest, every month. If someone cannot pay back a loan the bank usually can take away valuable objects like cars or houses.
Modern banks offer their customers many other services as well. They tell them how they can make money with investments in stocks and bonds. Credit cards are given to customers as a cash-free way of buying things. Almost all banks have automatic teller machines (ATM) at which customers receive money from their account. Telephone banking is an easy way to pay your bills by calling a special telephone number and typing in a certain sequence of digits. Some banks even deal with insurance.
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Types of banks
Commercial banks are the most important banks. They offer many services, different forms of accounts and also loans. While, at first, commercial banks only offered its services to businesses and companies, they are for everyone today.
Investment banks do not take or keep the money of individuals. They help organizations and large companies raise money on the international financial markets.
Central banks manage the banking system in a country. The Federal Reserve in the United States and Bank of England are two prominent banks that take over these tasks. The European Central Bank is responsible for the circulation of money in the Euro zone.
Online banks can often give their customers more interest because they do not have the expenses that physical banks do. They can be accessed over the internet and are becoming more and more popular.
Savings and loans are banks that specialize in financing houses. Although interest rates are higher such banks offer up to 30-year mortgages. Customers pay back their loan through a monthly payment that they can afford.
Development banks are financial organizations that help Third World Countries. They not only provide money for nations in Africa, Asia and South America, but also send aid workers and offer technical help.
International banking
The world’s largest banks are located in Europe, the United States and Japan. In most cases they operate in many countries of the world. Because banking is a global industry that does not stop at a country’s borders there must be worldwide agreements. International standards that banks must obey are written down in the Basel accords.
History of banking
Banking has a long tradition. In Mesopotamia bankers kept gold and silver for people and lent it to others. Ancient Rome and Greece had similar banking systems to the ones we have today.
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During the Middle Ages Italy was the centre of European banking. Jewish traders emerged as the first bankers and became very successful businessmen. Florence and Venice became known as two cities in which many people earned their money through banking. The Medici family dominated Florence for over two centuries and set up Europe’s largest bank in the 15 th century.
The first world wide banking crisis emerged during the Great Depression in 1929. Many citizens lost their jobs and their savings as banks crashed. In 1933 American president Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill in which the government guaranteed the savings of depositors if a bank went bankrupt.
In 2008 a banking crisis hit America and spread throughout the world. Banks gave homeowners mortgages without checking their financial backgrounds. House prices began to drop and banks lost a lot of money. Governments in many countries had to give them money and prevent them from becoming bankrupt.
2 Match the definitions on the right to the words on the left. There are TWO definitions you will not need.
| 1. | stock | __I___ | A | a small plastic card that lets you buy things |
| 2. | loan | _____ | B | movement |
| 3. | account | _____ | C | document that shows that the government will pay back money it has lent from you |
| 4. | circulation | _____ | D | the money you get every month for doing your job |
| 5. | insurance | _____ | E | the extra money you get for giving a bank money |
| 6. | deposit | _____ | F | to take money out of an account |
| 7. | bond | _____ | G | the money you pay to a company in case something bad happens |
| 8. | bankrupt | _____ | H | place where you keep your money |
| 9. | interest | _____ | I | share of a company |
| 10. | withdraw | _____ | J | money you borrow from a bank |
| K | to go out of business | |||
| L | to put money in a bank |
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3 Choose the right answer.
1. In most countries the government _____.
A tells banks how much money they can offer as loans
B lets banks decide how much money they can keep back as cash
C asks banks to give little interest to customers with savings accounts
2. If you want to buy a house _____
A the bank buys the house for you
B the bank offers you a mortgage
C you get stocks from the bank to buy the house
3. The centre of banking in the Middle Ages was in _____.
A New York
B Florence and Venice
C London
4. Some banks sell _____.
A ATMs
B insurance
C houses
5 During the Great Depression _____.
A customers received more interest than ever before
B the government made banks pay more money than they had
C many banks went bankrupt
6. International banking laws are written down in _____.
A the Basel accords
B the World Bank
C the European Central Bank
7. Banks make a profit when they _____.
A collect more interest from people who take loans
B give customers more credit cards
C give savers more interest
8. The Federal Reserve bank is responsible for _____.
A money circulation in the USA
B money circulation worldwide
C money circulation in Europe
9. The banking crisis in 2008 was caused by _____.
A the stock market
B developing countries
C housing prices
10. Automatic teller machines _____.
A let customers withdraw cash from their account, even if the bank is closed
B shows customers the rate of interest that banks charge
C lets customers take up loans
11. Investment banks _____.
A let small savers open savings accounts
B raise money for companies and businesses
C do not charge interest
12. Development banks _____.
A help customers find the right savings form
B offer mortgages to customers
C help Third World countries
Fill in the correct word.
advice commercial deposit stocks withdraw individuals raise
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