A. educated people          n. original research

1.Look atthese expressionsuseful for university students, then fill the gaps with one of these words in the box. Look up unknown words in the dictionary and in the vocabulary below

(Text A):

VERB	EXPRESSIONS
do	do (= study for) a degree in Management; do (= take) an exam/an (1)......................................................................................................................; do (= carry out) an experiment; do (= carry out) research;  do (= study) maths, history
gain	gain a good degree / education; gain experience
get	get a good education; get information/ advice; get a (2) .........  at university; get into university; get a grant; get good / bad marks / (3).......... ; get a good report; get a degree / certificate / (4) .......
have	have good knowledge of marketing strategies; have (5)........ lessons
go	go to university / college / evening (6)
make	make progress; make a mistake
study	study Mathematics / notes / a diagram; study for a test/ an exam / a degree
take	take a course/an exam; take notes {while listening or reading); take a break from studying; take a (7)      off to travel
teach	teach a lesson/ a class; teach English / media studies; teach at a school /college / university
Others	attend classes /a private language school / university carry out research into.., cheat inan exam copy from someone else, give a lecture/ a talk learn a poem by (8).............. ; memorize the facts, pay attention (in class) prepare / (9) for an exam

2.Underline the correct word in each of the following sentences using the chart above to help you.

1 She got / took a good report from her teachers.

2 They said she had done/I made progress in all subjects.

3 She had done / made very few mistakes in her tests.

4 She is well-behaved and pays / gives attention in class.

5 She always takes / does notes when the teacher talks.

6 She likes physics and enjoys doing/ making experiments.

7 She hates being disturbed when she is revising/ reading for an exam.

8 She feels a bit nervous when she has to sit I revise an exam.

9 She wants to get/ go into university.

10 When she gets/ takes her degree, she wants to go abroad.

3.Try to memorize the verb expressions in task 1 and compare with their phrasal verb equivalents.

Phrasal Verbs

 

to get down to smth	to start work on smth that needs a lot of time and energy
to get on with	to make progress
to brush up on smth	to study or practice to get back the skill that has been lost
to fall behind smb	to fail to keep level with others
to catch up with smb	to reach the same standard
to drop out	to leave, withdraw from a course of instruction
to look through	to read, examine quickly
to go through	to examine in detail

 

4.Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs.

 

1. She is making good progress with her studies.

2. Many students find it difficult to start doing their work.

3. I feel that I fail to keep level with others with my studies but I don’t know how

 to reachthe same standard as other students.

 4. If you want to go to Britain you should practice your language –you haven’t used

it for seven years.

5. As I left university without any degree I thought I was a failure.

6. John quickly examined the lines in search of familiar questions. Not having found a  single one that he knew anything about He examined the first question in detail.

 5.When studying at a university, you should know people you’ll deal with or titles of teaching staff members and positions they occupy.

 Match the definitions below with one of the words given in the box. Find the words in the vocabulary (Text A)

1. Someone who is still at university studying for their first degree.

2. Someone who has successfully completed their first degree.          

3. Someone in the same group as you at university.

4. Someone who teaches at a college or university.

5. Someone responsible for teaching a small group of students.

6. Someone in charge of a university.

7. Someone in charge of a faculty.

8. Someone with the highest academic position in a university.

6.Work in pairs. Discuss these questions:

1. How long is the academic year?

2. Did you take entrance examination?

3. What grades did you get at the entrance exams?

4. What faculty do you study at?

5. Who is in charge of your faculty?

6. How many lectures do you have a week?

7. Do you think higher education should be free of charge? Why?

Who do you think should pay?

8. Do you think everyone should get higher education?

9. Would you like to get higher education abroad?

10. What do you know about higher education in Britain?

Ox-bridge –the British universities of Oxford and Cambridge

“redbrick” universities – any of the British universities started in the late 19^th century in cities outside London: Manchester and Leeds are redbricks or redbrick universities.

“plate-glass” universities – 7 universities established on the government initiative due to the growing demand for scientific and technological community in the 1960s. The universities are authorized to award degrees. The buildings are quite modern with plate-glass windows.

Higher educationis education at college or university where subjects are studied in great detail and at an advanced level.

Further educationis below degree level for people who are older than school age.

Vocational educationis education that teachers you to do a particular job.

1.Read the text and give the heading to each part of the text.

FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION

I Further education traditionally includes part-time vocational courses for those who leave school at the age of 16 but need a skill in the manual or technical field.

About three million students are enrolled each year in part-time courses at further education (FE) colleges, some released by their employers and a greater number unemployed. In addition there have always been a much smaller proportion in full-time training. In 2000 this figure was 400.000, but by 2005 this had doubled. Vocational training, mostly conducted at the country’s 550 further education colleges, is an important component.

II. Higher education has also undergone a massive expansion. In 2000 only 573.000, 16% of young people , were enrolled in full-time higher education. Ten years later the number was 1.150.000, no less than 30% of their age group.

The massive expansion was achieved by greatly enlarging access to undergraduate courses, but also by authorizing the old polytechnics to grant their own degree awards, and also to rename themselves as universities. Thus there are today 90 universities compared with 47 in 2000, and only seventeen in 1945. They fall into five broad categories: the medieval English foundations, the medieval Scottish ones, the nineteenth century “redbrick” ones, the twentieth-century “plate-glass” ones, and finally the previous polytechnics. They are all private institutions , receiving direct grants from the central government.

III. Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are the most famous of Britain’s universities. Today “Oxbridge”, as the two together are known , educate less than one-twentieth of Britain’s total university student population. But they continue to attract many of the best brains. Both universities grew gradually, as federations of independent colleges (20 colleges in Cambridge, 48 in Oxford), most of which were founded in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In both universities, however, new colleges are periodically established, for example Green College, Oxford (1999) and Robison College, Cambridge (1999).

Scotland is proud of ancient universities: Glasgow, Edinburgh, St Andrews and Aberdeen, all founded in the fifteenth and in the sixteenth centuries. These universities had strong links with the ancient universities of continental Europe, and provided their longer and broader course of studies. Even today Scottish universities provide four-year undergraduate courses, compared with the usual three-year courses in England and Wales.

IV.In the nineteenth century more universities appeared to meet greatly increased demand for educated people as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of Britain’s overseas empire. Many of these were located in the industrial centers, for example Birmingham, Manchester, Nottingham, Newcastle, Liverpool and Bristol.

With the expansion of higher education in the 1960s “plate-glass” were established, some named after countries or regions rather than old cities , for example Sussex, Kent, East Anglia and Strathclyde. Over 50 polytechnics and similar higher education institutes got university status in 2001. There is also a highly successful Open University , which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving their home. It is particularly designed for adults who missed the opportunity for higher education earlier in life. It conducts learning through correspondence, radio and television, and through local study centres. 

V.University examinations are for Bachelor of Arts or of Science (BA or BSc) on completion of the undergraduate course, and Master of Arts or of Science ( MA or MSc) on completion of postgraduate work, usually a one- or two-year course involving some original research. Some students continue to complete a three-year period of original research for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

VI. In spite of the high fees, Britain’s universities, FE colleges and English language schools host a large number of foreign students, in 2001there were about 158.000.

 Female undergraduates have greatly increased proportionally in recent 10 years. In the mid-1960s there were only 51 per cent by 1966. There is still separation of the sexes in the fields of chosen study. Caring for others is a still “proper” career for women; building bridges is not. Students from poorer backgrounds are seriously underrepresented in higher education. Although more of them are now enrolled, more prosperous social categories have benefited from university expansion. Ethnic minorities representation is growing:13 per cent in 1966 compared with only 10.7 per cent in 2001.

VII. In 1999 a new funding body, the University Funding Council (UFC), was established with power to require universities to produce a certain number of qualified people in specific fields. The UFC has forced the universities to double their students intake, and each university department is assessed on its performance and quality. However, the greatly increased quantity of university students might lead to a loss of academic quality.

The expansion has lead to a growing funding gap. Universities have been forcedto seek sponsorship from the commercial world and wealthy patrons. The government decided to reduce maintenance grants but to offer students loans in order to finance their studies. However, the funding gap has continued to grow, more students are living at home to continue their studies: about

50 per cent at the ex-polytechnics, but only 15 per cent at older universities.

2.Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.

1.a) The best way to get further education is to be unemployed.

b) Further education gives additional knowledge but no practical skills.

2. a) Massive expansion was achieved by creating new educational institutions.

b) The proportion of young people enrolled in full time higher education in 2000

was twice as large as in 2005.

3. a) Oxford and Cambridge grew as federation of independent colleges.

b) Ancient universities in Scotland had more links with continental Europe than with

England and Wales.

4. a) In the XIX century more universities appeared because of economic problems in

the country.

b) Open university provides its students with vocational training and conducts learning through the internet.

5. a)University examinations for BA or BSc involve some original research.

b) The highest degree is Doctor of Philosophy.

6. a) Foreign students are underrepresented because of high fees.

b) There are still some more prejudices about proper careers for men and women.

7. a) The UFC assesses the universities on their student intake.

b) The intake growth has led to financing the programme by the government.

Vocabulary

3.Form word partners.

1. maintenance         a. empire

2. poorer                   b. research

3. original                c. quality

4. university             d. backgrounds

5 overseas                 e. departments

6. academic               f. grants

4.Fill in the gaps with the word partners in the task above.

1. Some students continue to complete a three-year period of ….. …. for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy.

1. The greatly increased demand for educated people was a result of the international revolution and the expansion of Britain’s …… ….. .
2. Each university consists of …… ……. .
3. The government decides to reduce ……. ……. but to offer students loans in order to finance their studies.
4. Students from ……. …….. are seriously underrepresented in higher education.
5. The greatly increased quantity of students of that universities might lead to lower … … .

5. Put these under the proper heading.

a. educated people          n. original research

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